AML4 class 6
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hope based on “sense tribal sovereignty and identityˮ
community is a source of identity and help to adaptation
sense of community in crisis (being fractured, decentered, multiracial)
motif of restless-young-men-with-nothing-to-do syndrome
1. period - 1870-1970
reaction to the loss of the land and culture with fiction (autobiographies,
novels), white literature stereotypes
responses to discrimination: avoidance, deviance, acceptance, negative
self-image, marginality
2. period 1970s-1990s
sense of renewal and hope, reasserted often deeply angry, native identity,
incorporation of ritual elements on both structure and content drawn drom
the ceremonial traditions
they have to work against the feeling of no self-esteem, insgnificance,
powerlessness, can be overcome with their reconnection to the land
3. period 2000-present
more authentic picture of Native American experience, shift to urbanity and
a more comprehensive global perspective
themes: dispossession, search for place and past rooted in oral tradition
(coming home motif), transformative power of language
Authors:Scott Momaday, Louise Erdrich, Leslie Marmon Silko, James Welch, Sherman
Alexie, Gerald Vizenor
Dee Brown – Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee 1970
Scott Momaday – The House Made of Dawn 1968
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sets up a pattern of typical motifs for later works
main character Abel, post WW2 drama
healing power of the ritual (magic, bond with the land and family and
community)
style: simple, poetic, naturalistic, composition linear but a frame narrative,
retrospective (flashbacks), multiple narrators
The Man Made of Words 1997
Leslie Marmon Silko – “Yellow Womanˮ 1974, Ceremony 1977 earlier
seminar, The Almanac of the Dead 1991 (connects the health and disease of
its characters with the world around them)
Louise Erdrich – Love Medicine 1984
series of free-standing narratives told by varous members of two families
(fragmentary composition) Kashpaws and Lamartines, living on the
reseration between 1974 abd 1984
connecting individual story with the larger narratives of the history
Tracks 1988
setting: 19121924, four families in an Indian reservation in North Dacota
Two narrators: elderly Nanapush and young Pauline
The Beet Queen 1986, Four Souls 2004, The Round House 2012
James Welch – Winter in the Blood 1974, The Death of Jim Loney 1979
characters are athletes, struggling, estranged from their families, plot matters
less than modd in the novel
Fools Crow 1986
Louis Owens 19482002
officially not an indian, but he consideres himself as an indian
important scholar, but his success is not comparable to Silko
Dark River 1999, Nightland 1996
Michael Dorris – A Yellow Raft in Blue Water 1987, The Crown of Columbus
1991, with Louise Erdrich)
Vine Deloria Jr. – Custer Died for Your Sins 1969, the Alcatraz-Red Power
Movement
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Paula Gunn Allen – The Woman Who Owned the Shadows 1983, Spider
Woman's Granddaughters 1989