20. Beat generation
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20. Beat Generation
profile: Allen Ginsberg: The Howl
state: Jack Kerouac: On the Road
Beat movement, also called Beat Generation (American social and literary movement from 1950s centred in the bohemian artist communities of San Francisco, Los Angeles and Ney York City)
they are calling themselves “beat” (originally meaning “weary - unavený,” but later also connoting a musical sense, a “beatific” spirituality, and other meanings)
called “beatniks,” expressed their alienation from conventional, or “square,” society by adopting an almost uniform style of seedy dress, manners, and “hip” vocabulary borrowed from jazz musicians
they were also called beat because they were beaten by society (didn’t feel they fit in, were pushed to the edge of society)
it’s shortest lived generation but despite this massively influential
those writers were usually expelled from the universities because of their poems and literature works.
we refer to them as to one of the first youth cultures
generally apolitical and indifferent to social problems
they wanted release, purification, and illumination (osvícení) through the drugs, jazz, sex, or the disciplines of Zen Buddhism
they were massively influenced by Jazz and blues
they fought for more liberal society, freedom of speech, sexual freedom and no censorship
they want to bring poetry from academic particularity back to streets
they read their poetry, sometimes to the accompaniment (doprovod) of progressive jazz (in such Beat strongholds as the Coexistence Bagel Shop and Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s City Lights bookstore in San Francisco)
the main representatives were Allan Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Neal Cassady, Ken Kesey and Lawrence Ferlinghetti
the verse was frequently chaotic and liberally sprinkled with obscenities (nemravnosti) but was sometimes, as in the case of Allen Ginsberg’s Howl (1956), ruggedly powerful
Ginsberg and other major figures of the movement, such as the novelist Jack Kerouac, advocated a kind of free, unstructured composition in which the writer put down his thoughts and feelings without plan or revision
When the movement had begun to fade, it had produced a numbers of interesting and promising writers (Ferlinghetti, Gregory Corso, Philip Whalen and Gary Snyder)
this movement paved (vydlážděný) the way for acceptance of other unorthodox and previously ignored writers (such as Black Mountain, William S. Burroughs)
Allan Ginsberg – Howl
his poetry is generally rhythmic articulation of feeling (feeling is an impulse that begins inside, like a sexual impulse)
it is a feeling that begins in the pit of a stomach and raises up through the breast and out of mouth and ears
he is trying to put words to that by looking around and trying to describe what’s making him sight (articulate what he feels)
for Ginsberg “there is no such a thing as the beat generation”
Howl because of haul of howl of pain (complaining about society)
the poem is donated to Carl Solomon, Gisnberg’s friend from the mental hospital
Howl is divided into 4 parts (for each part is characteristic one word)