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3_USA

DOC
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The Legislative branch create the laws, includes the Congress with two houses - the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The Executive branch exekute the laws, it‘s the President, the Vice President and the Cabinet. The President is the head of the state and government. He is also the commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. The current US president is Barack Obama who is the 44th president of the USA and also the first African American president in the history.

The Judicial branch which represent the laws is formed by the Supreme Court of the United States and the other smaller courts.

Today, the two major political parties are the Democrats and the Republicans. The Democratic Party is more liberal and focused on social development and the Republican Party is conservative and focused on developing in bussines.

The American flag is sometimes called Old Glory and has two parts - the smaller blue one with 50 white stars symbolising the 50 states, and the larger one with 6 white and 7 red stripes symbolising the 13 original British colonies. The national anthem is The Star Spangled Banner.

Now I’m going to tell a brief history of the USA. The North American continent was probably first discovered by the Vikings around the year 1000, but we consider Christopher Columbus as the first one. He landed on the Carribean Islands in 1492 and because he thought he had reached the shores of India, he named the natives „Indians“.

In the next centuries, North America became the object of Spanish, Dutch, British and French colonizers. The first colony was founded in Jamestown (Virginia) in 1607 by the English. Puritans also called the Pilgrims came in 1620 as the first settlers of the Plymouth colony. They had problems during the winter and lots of them died, but in spring they started to plant corn and other plants with the help of Indians and in November they celebrated good harvest and started a tradition of the Thanksgiving day.

America was still under British government. They depended on Britain politically and economically. Then Britain started to charge new taxes and the colonizers refused to pay because they didn’t have their representatives in the British Parliament. In 1773, a group of patriots, who were dressed as the Native Americans, threw a cargo of British tea into the sea in Boston Harbour. This event is known as the Boston Tea Party and it was the first open conflict between British and Americans which led to the War of Independence.

The United States of America were created on July 4, 1776, when they became independent from the United Kingdom. On this day the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence but it lasted a few more years than the war ended. The first president of the USA was George Washington.

1800s to 1850s was a period of Indian Wars and expanding westward.

Then, in the 1860s, the economical and political differences between the industrial North and the agricultural South caused the Civil War. The Northern states wanted to abolish slavery but the South wanted to maintain it. When Abraham Lincoln became president, seven slave states declared their secession and created the Confederation. Later the Union, which was the North, won the war and the slavery was abolished by Abraham Lincoln. 4 million of African Americans gained their freedom.

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