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3_USA

DOC
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3) USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world in size, which occupies approximately 9.4 million square kilometres, and consists of 50 states and of the federal capital territory. 48 states are together in North America and cover more than one third of this continent. The other two states, Alaska and Hawaii, are separated. Alaska lies in the north-west of North America and the Hawaiian islands are in the Pacific Ocean.

The northern border is with Canada and includes the Great Lakes – Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior (HOMES). It is the biggest reservoir of fresh water in the world and Lake Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the world. The southern border is with Mexico along the Rio Grand River. On the east coast is the Atlantic Ocean and on the west coast is the Pacific Ocean. Alaska borders also with Russia and is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean.

The terrain of the USA is extremely varied. We can find many mountain ranges there, such as the Rocky Mountains in the west or the Appalachian Mountains in the east, with very popular Appalachian Trail for the tourists. But there are also coastal plains in the south and The Great Plains in the centre of the continent with many farms and ranches. This large flat area is sometimes called „the Tornado Alley“ because it’s the area where the tornados often occur. The highest mountain in the continental region is the Mount McWhitney in Sierra Nevada and the highest point of the whole country is the Mount McKinley in Alaska, which is about 6.2 kilometres high. The interesting part of the US terrain is also the Death Valley, which is the lowest, driest and hottest location.

In the USA we can find many large rivers. The longest one is Mississippi with the inflow Missouri. Other well-known rivers are for example the Hudson, Colorado, Colombia or Yukon in Alaska. And the Niagara River connects lakes Erie and Ontario forming the world famous Niagara Falls.

The climate is also very varied, with the arctic cold in Alaska and subtropical warm in Hawaii. The continental climate is common on the Great Plains and on the west part the climate is mild.

The population of the US counts over 300 million people. The USA is one of the most multiracial countries in the world, sometimes it is called „the melting pot of nations“. Its population is composed of 80% of white people, 12% of African American and 8% of the other races, such as the Asian and Pacific Islanders, American Indians, Eskimos and many more.

The US doesn’t have an official language but in fact it is the American English. A large Hispanic community also speaks Spanish. The capital city of the US is Washington DC and some of the major cities in the country include New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Houston, Phoenix, Philadelphia, Detroit and Boston.

The United States of America is the first modern national federation formed in the 18th century. Every state has its own government with the governor as the head of the state. Political system consists of the Legislative, Executive and Judicial branch. All three branches have their centre in DC.

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