australia
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Australia, New Zealand
Australia is the smallest continent and the sixth largest country in the world. It is situated between the Pacific and the Indian Oceans in the southern hemisphere.
Its official name is the Commonwealth of Australia and its capital is Canberra. Another big cities are Sydney (the largest and the oldest city famous for the Harbour Bridge and the Opera House), Melbourne (the second largest city), Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide.
Geography:
LandIts area is 7,7 million km square. The country is divided into six states - Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and two territories – Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory.
Western Australia takes up one-third of Australia and contains the city of Perth. South Australia with city of Adelaide. Queensland lies in the tropical north-eastern corner. New South Wales is the most populous state. Victoria is in the south west corner. Tasmania is an island state, the smallest state.
Northern Territory lies in the north and centre of Australia. It is the least populated and lest developed of all the states and territories. Australian Capital Territory is the capital city Canberra.
Mountains
Australia is mostly flax, except from Great Diving Range and the Australian Alps. The highest mountain is Mount Kosciusko (2,200 m), in the Australian Alps. Lake Eyre is the lowest top (16 m below the sea level)
Ayers Rock (=Urulu) is the largest piece of rock in the world. It is about 2,4 kilometres long and 300 metres high and has many small caves. The walls of these caves are covered with rock painting made long ago by the Aboriginal artists.
Water
Many of Australia’s rivers are dry and fill with water only during the rainy season. The longest river is the Murray, another significant river is the Darling River. There are many creeks in Australia.
Most of Australia’s natural lakes are dry for months or years – for example Lake Eyre, Lake Torrens and Lake Gairdner
Deserts
Some parts of Australia are completely dry - in central Australia there are three deserts - the Great Sandy Desert, the Gibson Desert and the Great Victoria Desert
Climate
Far north climate is tropical with heavy summer rainfalls and hot dry summers and mild winters are on Southwest.
History
The original inhabitants of Australia were the Aborigines – they arrived from Asia about 40, 000 years ago when Australia wasn’t a separate island.
Dutch sea captain Abel Tasman, landed on the island which was eventually named after him, Tasmania
In 1770 Captain James Cook discovered the island – he landed in Botany Bay in today’s Sydney and explored the eastern coast.
It became British colony and gold was founded here.
People
The population is about 22 million people. They are mostly of British and Irish origins. Native Australians are called Aborigines. Official language is English.
Government
Australia is part of British Commonwealth, so it is constitutional monarchy, but in practice it is parliamentary democracy.