Key terminology of the British Isles and British regionalism (north and south divide, Manchaster, Liverpool)
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1. Key Terminology of the British Isles and British Regionalism
- The United Kingdom of Great British Isles and Northern Ireland
- Great Britain – geographical term, biggest island
- British – political term
- Ireland – Republic of Ireland – Irish, Celtic language
- Northern Ireland – British or Irish
Archipelago = group of islands, geographical terms, all islands together
- British Isles – geographical term
- Crown dependencies:
- belong to the Queen
- The Channel Islands – coast in France (Normanské ostrovy)
- The Isle of Man
- these are tax havens, part of British islands, have their own internal political structure
- Wales – Cardiff, Northern Ireland – Belfast, Scotland - Edinburgh
LANGUAGES
- languages originating from the Indian Subcontinent – Hindi, Bengali
- UK was always society of more nations – Polish etc. – traditional multicultural society
- mass immigration – 20th century
- after 2WW workers were needed, everybody was welcomed
- Empire Windrush – cruised ship, 1948 arrived in Britain → beginning of post-war mass migration
- allowing citizens → free market of Bangladesh
- need for new infrastructure
- Jamaican people
- hostile environment policy = kdo nemůže dokázat, že je Brit si nemůže pronajmout dům
- 87% of people in Britain is white
THE NORTH x SOUTH DIVIDE
- people can be much warmer in the North
- Grim = not very nice, very serious or unpleasant, bleak, dismal, hopeless
- industrial environment
- cold, rain
Light x dark
- absence of nature
- Manchester region – sound system, squatting
- Hinckley, Mansfield, Grimsby
- difference in pronunciation, migrations in North – totally different dialect because of Vikings (linguistic divide)
- it is based on vowel sounds (samohlásky)
- industrial revolution → stereotypes
History of Manchester in the North
- 1st industrial city
- man made canals- rivers
- trains
- textiles, cotton – processing production – because of rainy environment they can store it
- 1750 – it was large village
- from 1751 – population of 20k, 1801 – 328k, 1861 – 1,6 mil.
- overcrowding, pollution
- people moving from country side
- first industrial city built on factories
- based on poverty
- 1819 Peterloo Massacre – cavalry (jezdectvo) charged into a crowd of 80,000 who had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation
- protesting over bad working conditions
- they wanted democracy and voting parliament
- people tried to publish newspaper – they wanted to spread the truth
→ The Guardian – originally Manchester Guardian, people fighting for democracy
- in 1880 Britain exported to the whole world
- post war decline, welfare state, industrial economic decline (pokles)
- 1960 after 2WW – power industry
→ strong trade unions (odbory) – as powerful as government
- 1945 man fighting in France
- 1970s European economic community – escaping post war economic decline
- economy is rich but not running properly
- Thatcher (ism)
- smashed the trade unions, general strike → trade union is broken