AMSBE - přednášky-dodatečné poznámky

1. přednáška

2. přednáška

31. 10., 3. přednáška

Expansion of the New Nation

• New form of government – separation of powers

• 1794 – Whiskey Rebellion – moonshine

• 1803 - Louisiana

• 1812 – War with Britain

• President of the USA want more and more territory

• 1830 – Indian Removal Act → it was signed by president of the USA – Andrew Jackson - Native Americans should leave their lands if they are on the east of the Mississippi and they should move to the west – so if you are on the West, you are okay – it was a lie – you lose your land

  • Over 50 thousands of Native Americans were removed

  • Trail of Tears – many people died on this way – Cherokees – one of the native nations

• Annexation of Texas in 1845 = Texas joined the United States

  • President James Polk saw this annexation as the first step to expansion of United States

  • When Mexico attacked the USA, the United States declared war

• War with Mexico – 1848 – Guadelupe Hidalgo Treaty – America won and Mexico gave them some of their territory

  • War between the USA and Mexico lasted from 1846 to 1848

  • War between an older colonial power – Mexico – and newer colony – USA – they got a new territory that was Mexico’s before

  • The border was the river Rio Grande – border between Mexico and Texas

• 1848 – year when women’s movement for political rights began – they met at New York – at Seneca Falls – and they demanded primarily political rights – right to vote

  • It is considered as beginning of women movements in the USA

• Sitting Bull, Geronimo – heroes of American past – actually they were assassinated and imprisoned by the USA

  • It was military resistance

  • Sitting Bull defeated general Custer in battle of Little Bighorn – 1876

  • Geronimo was successful, he was apache – apaches were good warriors, they knew land well, they resisted for a long time to federal authorities

• Many American soldiers were African-Americans

  • Native Americans call them “The Buffalo soldiers” –

• 1890 – The massacre of Wounded Knee – in South Dakota

  • Native Americans realized that they are going to lose this conflict, they invented new forms of spirituality to help them – Ghost Dancers – Natives danced, asked their ancestors (dead spirits) to help them, ceremonies were peaceful

  • But large group of Native Americans were dangerous for United States

  • During one of these ceremonies someone started to shoot unintentionally, it was only a mistake, but American soldiers thought that Native Americans want to attack them and started to shoot too

• Dawes Act – 1887 – The Removal Act wasn’t enough – they counted the Natives – each Native American receive a patch of land

  • The rest of the land took the federal authorities – they were distributed to new colonizers

  • The land given to Natives wasn’t the best land, usually wasn’t useful for planting, raising animals…

  • In some cases the land was rich in oil (for example in Oklahoma), for uranium

  • Navaho – the richest Natives