AMSBE - přednášky-dodatečné poznámky

Economic difference got deeper and deeper – the north became more industrial, the south more agricultural

Southern states wanted more independence from federal authorities

The North wanted cheap force – slaves from the south

This economic conflict led to a real war – between the north and the south

• Conflict was also doubled by political conflict – relationship between Washington and states that made up the USA – the states from the south wanted to separate from the union and conform confederacy

• Wars are never initiated for humanitarian reasons, it was about money + conflict of power between Washington and the states

• The profound reasons: economic reasons between the south and the north AND slavery

• It is difficult to change economic system

• The president of the USA and leader of the north of America – Abraham Lincoln who was against slavery

• The south lost many battles but they had an idea – the blockade – the north blocked ships – so south couldn’t send cotton – they had no money – and you need money to win a war – to feed soldiers, to buy weapons, uniforms…

• South send cotton = money from other countries

• The civil war was very bloody – more than WWI.

• It lasted between 1861 - 1865

• By the end of the war also black slaves were in the northern army – it shows that slavery wasn’t the most important cause of this war

• Abraham Lincoln didn’t accept that black slaves fought for north

• Victory of the north over the south solved the problem with power and economy

  • Washington had power over country (the only exception is Texas – it can organize referendum)

• Lincoln gave a speech at the end of the war – at Gettysburg – it was battle – the north won

  • Lincoln was assassinated while he was watching ???????

• The speech was for both sides – for those who won and lost

• Government of the people, by the people, for the people – he gave this definition

• 1865 – the war ended, the south demanded peace, but it was a very painful victory for the south

Slavery was abolished – 14th amendment?

1863 – 1877 – the northern authorities (from Washington) used the army in order to support the economic reconstruction of the south and to defend new authorities

“slaves” could elect and could be elected as mayors for example

• Serious resentment against this in the south

• They used legislation

• They wanted to be separated – private space and public space (white and black people could live together = private space/black and white should have their own schools, hospitals, buses, carriage… (if there was only 1 carriage, whites sat in the front, blacks in the back of the bus) – public areas → that’s what they wanted

• Political rights of the African minority started to be restricted through different policies – you can vote BUT you have to pass literacy test/you need to pass test of English to show that you understand the language – result: many black people failed because they weren’t educated

  • Ku Klux Klan – organisation for white males – their purpose was to punish the black people who didn’t know their place, they were very concerned and interested in intimidating the blacks from voting

    • They were threatened, they put their barns, houses on fire, they beat them