Přednášky - topic 1,2,3 - souhrn

Introduction to didactics

• didaktikós (Greek) = ´able to teach´ (Komenský´s Didactica magna – the 1st systematic work on the teacher´s capacity to teach) →´didaktika´ used in Czech;

• Didactics is bigger concept than methodology

Teaching techniques by Comenius

• Use imitation instead of rules to teach a language

• Have your students repeat after you.

• Use a limited vocabulary initially.

• Help your students practice reading and speaking.

• Teach language through pictures to make it meaningful.

Approach /method/ technique

An approach – reflects a certain model or research paradigm /theory

A method – sets procedures, methods are compatible with one or two approaches

A technique – a classroom device or activity, some techniques are widely used in many methods (dictation, repetition)

BASIC TERMS AND CONCEPTS

• Our mother tongue (L1) is learned by acquisition – unconsciously

Foreign language - FL

• It is a language that is learned in an area where that language is not generally spoken. It is not a medium of instructions at schools, and is not widely used by the government.

Second language - L2

• Learned by acquisition or by learning (by acquisition when we live in bilingual family) – English is L2 in India

• It is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person. Any language learnt after one's native language.

• FL x L2 → L2 plays an important role in a particular country or region though it might not be the first language

Acquisition

• Non conscious, natural process of internalizing the rules of language from exposure to comprehensive input

• In other words picking up language

• The learner pays attention to the meaning rather than form

Learning

• conscious, systematic activity, involving the study of explicit rules of a language and monitoring one’s performance

SLA - Second language acquisition

Aims

• Teacher´s activities – to teach a particular item

• e.g to teach present simple /progressive

• To practise reading for gist

Objectives

• Pupil´s learning – for my pupils to learn a particular item e.g. I will learn how to form present simple/progressive and will know the difference

Learner

• Any age and level - target: language usage

Student

• Used in some sources only for those who study (also) theory

Input/vklad

• Teacher, other sources

Pupil

• Age related to žák in CZ

Intake/vstup

Learner – output/výstup)

Accuracy

• The extent to which learner’s use of second language conforms to the rules, it is usually measured by grammatical accuracy, it’s the precondition of fluency, it is easy to test

Accuracy/správnost

Fluency

• That we are able to communicate

• It is the capacity to communicate, you use pausing correctly, pause filters

Appropriateness/vhodnost

• Aspect which is called sociolinguistic competence, which improves communicative competence

Language systems

• Learning a FL involves:

  • Aspects/elements of the language system (Č jazykové prostředky) – the following sub-systems:

    • Phonological/Pronunciation (and spelling); sound – Č hláska

    • Grammatical/Grammar – the structures (and their functions)

    • Lexical/Vocabulary and phraseology (Č slovní zásoba)