Přednášky - topic 1,2,3 - souhrn

Adolescents

• Opinions differ; adolescents making difficult learners x being the best language learners (the L1 – a well comprehended system, both imaginative + abstract thinking, great potential for creativity, passionate commitment to things which interest them, speed, humour…

• Possible problems – peer approval important, sometimes problems with discipline, motivation;

• Advice: to provoke students´ engagement with material which is relevant and involving;

• Bolster your students´ self-esteem and be conscious of their need for identity), (humanistic teaching, own experience);

Level of linguistic competence

CEFR levels - Common European framework of Reference of Languages

Level A - basic user - A1 – Breakthrough, A2 – Waystage

Level B – independent user - B1 – Threshold B2 – Vantage

Level C - proficient user - C1 – Effective operational proficiency, C2 – Mastery

Learning styles X Learning strategies:

• Learning style: is an individual‘s unique approach to learning based on his strength and weaknesses, and preferences.

• Learning strategies: “ specific actions, behaviours and steps or techniques, that are used by students to enhance their own learning“

Learning styles

Sensory learning

Based on neurolinguistic programming

• Visual - seeing

• Auditory - hearing

• Kinesthetic - feeling

• Olfactory – smelling

• Gustatory – tasting

• VAK(OG)

Aptitude

• Language aptitude is talent for learning languages

• “ The natural ability to learn a language, not including the intelligence, motivation etc.“

• Combination of various abilities

• Ability to imitate sounds not heard before

• Ability to identify sound patterns in a new language

• Grammatical sensitivity

• Ability to memorize words

• Howard Gardner (1983) – the MI theory (´multiple intelligences´) – each predominating in different individuals: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, Later on naturalistic, emotional, existential

Personality – Myers-Briggs indicator

• How you relate to the world: Extrovert x introvert

• How you take in information: Sensing or iNtuiting

• How you make decisions: Thinking or feeling

• How you manage your life: Judging or perceiving

Why is it important to know learning styles?

• General benefits

• Learning

• Teaching

Motivation

• What drives the learner to achieve a goal

• One of the key factors determining the success in LT/LL

• Many models ; basic division:

  • Intrinsic motivation (from within the individual: love of the subject matter, enjoyment, desire to feel better)

  • Extrinsic motivation (requirements, pay rise, travel, grades, passing exams);

• Integrative – the desire to identify with and integrate into the target-language culture

• Instrumental - learn for purposes of study or career promotion

Recommendation

Do Don’t

• Diagnose learner‘s need, interests, learning styles - Treat learners as if they were all the same

• Provide a range of different activity types, topics - Everyone learns the same way as you do

• Offer choices, involve learners in making decisions - Use course book all the time

• Help learners make best of their learning styles - Use the same approach all the time

• Teach specific strategies to improve learning