Britští autoři
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1603 – returned to Stratford
in London joined a company – at first did the lowest jobs
then became an actor, then started writing plays
publication of plays wasn’t usual
the Globe theatre caught fire, was destroyed with the manuscipts
published a collection of sonnets and two longer poems
sonnet – 14 lines, certain structure of the rhyme (abab cdcd efef gg)
topics – love, art, passage of life, old age, memory...
post in love with a woman who is brunette
a friend – probably Duke of Southampton – support Shakespeare
extremely successful with his plays
last years in Stratford, bought a house, buried in the church – there is the bust
37 plays – tragedies, comedies, historical plays
In his plays, he shows great knowledge – some people think it was not him, who wrote the plays
154 sonnets
Collection of sonnet – characters – 1) poet, 2) his friend – Duke of Southampton – his patron, 3) brunette lady with dark skin, love, friendship, love, time
2 long narrative poems, several other poems
Comedies
Comedy of Errors (1594)
Taming of the Shrew (1593)
Merchant of Venice (1598)
Midsummer Night's Dream (1596)
...
Histories
Richard II (1595)
Richard III (1592)
Henry IV, V, VI, VIII
...
Tragedies
Hamlet (1599)
Othello (1603)
Macbeth (1606)
King Lear (1606)
Julius Caesar (1599)
Romeo and Juliet (1597)
Jonathan Swift
18th century – century of enlightenment (osvícenství) – not physical light but spiritual
member of Kit Kat Club
English but he was born in Ireland, Dublin
interested in problems of Ireland – one of the biggest was poverty
not rich family but have contacts
his father died before he was born
he studied at Trinity College theology
William Temple – sort of prime minister, important politician
employed Swift as secretary
Swift was disappointed by it – he found out that politicians are not interested in public prosperity, they were corrupted
Swift became priest, the dean at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin
he met Esther Johnson – he loved her (we do not know if it was platonic or something more)
Vanessa – completely different person than Esther
he had problem with his ear – he heard voices all the time – people thought that he had mental problems
he wrote political essays
he liked poor people and people with problems, while he was very criticizing to people with powerful
he wrote Modest Proposal and The Draper’s Letter
how to solve problems in Ireland; cruel kind of humour, hyperbola
ex. killing children because of meat and money – irony of course
poems, political articles, correspondence
The Tale of a Tub
man has coat, said to his 3 sons take care of the coat, after he died sons discuss what they should do – sons symbolised different churches?
The Battle of Books
represented a discussion on the topic: which writers wrote better (ancient x contemporary) as a real battle
Gulliver’s Travels
for example, last journey to land were horses are the intelligent creatures and human beings are evil, live like there is no law and no rules (Yahoos)