Error correction - přednáška
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Errors
are unacceptable forms which the students
regularly make because they do not know the
rules or have internalized them wrongly.
Mistakes
are slips which students could in fact have
avoided with little or more thought.
(Ur, P 2012)
Types of mistakes
1. ´slips´ (slips of the tongue) – mistakes which
students/pupils can correct themselves;
2. ´errors´ - mistakes which they cannot correct
themselves, and which therefore need
explanation;
3. ´attempts´- a pupil tries to say something but
does not yet know the correct way of saying it.
(Julian Edge, 1989 in Harmer, 2006, 99)
2 basic causes for errors
L1 interference – influence of the mother
tongue on the target language acquisition -
concerning the phonological systems of L1 and
L2, the lexicon, grammar;
Developmental errors – occurring with the FL
learner as well as children learning their MT
(e.g. *They comed; *He goed);
(Harmer, 206, 99-100)
Assessing student performance
Teacher assessing students
explicit –e.g. That was really good.
implicit -e.g. during a drill we pass on to the next
student without making any comments or
correction
• Praising
• Comments – good, not quite right,
Marks and grades
Reports
Students assessing themselves
Feedback during oral work
This depends on the main objective of speaking
activity:
accuracy:
showing incorrectness- repeating, echoing,
statement and question, expression, hinting,
reformulation
getting it right
fluency:
need to respond to the content not just the
language form
gentle correction, recording mistakes, after event
Correction may and may not include:
clarification
re-production of the correct form
(Always insist on correct pronunciation – do not
let the learners get by with a wrong form! Richterová,
2015
).
The correction should always be encouraging
and tactful! (Ur, 1996)