Přednáška-speaking and writing

Problems and solutions 

• Suply key language 
• Plan in advance 
• Choose intresting topics 
• Create interest in topics 
• Activate schemata 
• Vary topics and genre 
• Provide information  

Speaking 

The main goal is to  become more 

fluent. 

Problems connected with speaking 

Shyness and inhibition 
 
Finding things to say 
 
Low participation of individuals 
 
L1 use 

Practical principles for designing  

speaking activities 

Prepare the discussion well - make a careful choice 
of topic and task  
Use group/pair work 
Base the activity on easy language 
Give some instruction or training in discussion skills. 
Keep students speaking the target language. 
Make students aware of the purpose of the activity.  

Structure of a speaking/ writing 

activity 

lead-in- students to be get engaged with the 
topic,  
setting the task - explanation of what exactly 
the learners are going to do + distribution of the 
materials required,  
monitoringthe task, task-related follow-up; 
(Harmer, 2007, 275) 

Some practical ideas for discussion 

activities/communication games: 

Dialogues  - creating/ rehearsing 
Communicative games – 20 questions/ just a 
minute/call my bluff/ 
Discussions -  buzz groups/ instant 
comment/formal debate/balloon debate 
Describing pictures 
Picture differences (pair work) 
 

Things in common (pair work) 
Interactional talk (how to greet, take leave, begin 
and end conversation -)  
Long turns ( telling stories, jokes, describing a place 
or a person in detail, recounting the plot of a film) 
Questionnaires  
Role-play 
Presentations 

Task and topic based activities 

Topic based activities - discussions  
Task based activities – solving problems 
/pyramid discussions / see a video/  
Boardgames- see a video