Shrnutí - morfologie

In a sentence, the grammatical mood conveys the speaker’s attitude about the state of being of what the sentence describes. This may sound a little complicated, but it’s simple enough: In the indicative mood, for instance, the speaker is sure that something is the case, while in the imperative mood the speaker desires that something should happen.

Mood is only one of many verb properties, others being tense, aspect, and voice. It is expressed through the sentence’s verbs and grammatical structure. For example, a sentence that lacks a subject and begins with a present-tense verb is likely imperative, and a sentence that begins with if and uses past-tense verbs is likely subjunctive.

Linguists have defined dozens of moods used in languages throughout the world, but English only uses three.

1) Indicative mood

The indicative mood is used to make factual statements, ask questions, or express opinions as if they were facts. Any verb tense may be deployed in the indicative mood. The following sentences are statements of fact or belief, so they are in the indicative mood:

example:

I saw something today that really annoyed me.

He lives most of the year in Spain but returns regularly to visit his ailing mother.

Vikings will be the new vampires.

Prosecutors have not said whether they will appeal the decision.

2) Imperative mood

A sentence in the imperative mood expresses commands or requests. It indicates that the speaker desires for the action expressed in the sentence to take place. In most imperative sentences, there’s an implied you. These sentences are in the imperative mood:

example: Sit on the sofa.

Let me go to bed.

Keep reading.

3) Subjunctive mood

In English, the subjunctive mood is used to explore conditional or imaginary situations. It can be tricky to use, which partially explains why many speakers and writers forgo it. But it’s quite useful (and aesthetically pleasing, at least to us), and careful users of English should do their part to preserve it.

example: Change the sentences into the subjunctive mood:

We recommend that all staff should acknowledge receipt of this memo.

They insisted that we should go with them.

It is vital that children should remain in the school grounds until their parents arrive.

They claimed it was essential that the security system should be checked.

They insisted that we should not stay behind

It is vital that children should not leave the school grounds until their parents arrive.

Non-finite forms: infinitive, present and past participle, gerund

Mark finite and non-finite verb phrases in the text:

1) “What (finite) are you going (non-finite) to do about the linen? “I (finite) wanted (non-finite) to know.

2) “(non-finite) Write it off, what else? “(f)?! said the staff nurse. “Mr Klíma, you (finite) have no idea what people (finite) filch these days.

3) „Shortly before you (finite) started (non-finite) working here, “the staff nurse (finite) continued, “this circular (finite) was sent round all the wards.