Syntax - veškeré výsledky cvičení
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To have been written
(offer)
ACTIVE ______↓ + progressive
PASSIVE ______↓ + progressive
GENERAL
Offering
X
Offered
Being offered
PERFECT
Having offered
Having been offering
Having been offered
X
Infinitives
Comment on the syntactic functions of the infinitives
1. To understand is to forgive.
S and C
2. For him to give so much time to a single story was unusual.
↑ Infini ve with its own S <- expresses the S of the infinitive
3. The scheme is impossible to put into effect. ← It is impossible to put the scheme into effect. ← To put the scheme into effect is impossible. ←O
becomes S ← tough movement
...when an infinitive functions as a S, we extrapose it and use an introductory it -> then we can use the tough movement; Syntactical y the infinitive
functions as a S
When we can use introductory it, it can’t be adjectival complementation. .
4. The disease is so easy to prevent but almost impossible to cure. ←It is easy to prevent the disease but almost impossible to cure it. ← To prevent the
disease is easy but it is almost impossible to cure it. ← Again, tough movement
5. I have other business to attend. PM (which business?) by means of non-finite clause
6. It was the only vehicle to pass the hotel at that hour. PM
7. She knew when to keep quiet.
S
V
Od-NF cl.
V
C
8. My return passage is timed for the end of February.
By then I hope to have gathered sufficient material for a travel book about Australia.
A - S - V - Od-NF cl. (V - Od - A)
To have gathered - perfect infinitive <- different time references