Přednášky - topic 4, 5, 6

Problems and possibilities

• A good plan predicts potential difficulties and pitfalls and prepares for the solutions

• This includes alternative activities (students may not think of the items to take to a space station)

• T can suggest questions about music, books, pictures etc.) or additional ones (discussion on three things from home the students would most miss, a video clip etc.)

Evaluating lesson effectiveness

Evaluating criteria:

• The learners were active, attentive enjoying themselves (x was there enough learning/educational value?)

• The class seemed to be learning the material well (x have they really learned much?)

• The lessons went according to the plan (x was it a good plan? Could it be altered for better?)

• The learners were engaging with the foreign language throughout (x was the material of appropriate level?)

Guidelines for ordering components of a lesson

1. Put the harder tasks earlier

2. Have quieter activities before lively ones

3. Think about transitions (reading/writing → oral activity) – employ a ´transition stage´

4. Pull the class together at the beginning and the end

5. Do not leave homework giving to the end.

6. End on a positive note! (summary of achievements, an easy task - satisfaction, positive evaluation)

Teaching vocabulary

‘Without grammar very little can be conveyed without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.’

What is lexis?

• computer, water, stock market ,pass the exam, swim against the tide, it is up to you

• Vocabulary - typically single words ( pen, house, roof) sometimes two - or three - word combinations denoting one item (e.g. stock market or go off)

• Lexis – a bigger concept, includes also ´readymade´ fixed / semi-fixed typical combinations of words;

Lexis involves

1. traditional single-word vocabulary items

2. common “going-together patterns” = collocations (e.g. blond hair, traffic jam)

3. longer combinations of words – chunks´/multiword items (e.g. someone you can talk to, I’d rather not say)

Students should learn

Form - pronunciation and spelling

Meaning - denotation

Grammar – to/ing

Collocation - co-occurrence with other lexical items

Connotation – emotionally positive/negative

Appropriateness – what context

Receptive knowledge x productive knowledge

How is word knowledge organised?

Mental lexicon

Meaning relationships

• Synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, co-hyponyms, subordinates, translation

Word formation

• Prefixes, suffixes, word combinations

What is the relationship between the words in the following group?

1. big loud oval green sensitive involuntary

2. feminine femininity feminist feminism

3. strange odd funny peculiar weird

4. freezing boiling

5. goldfish trout sole eel shark

6. lean bank tender tap plain mean flounder

7. log on monitor download browser

Malapropism – use of an incorrect word with similar sound, causing humorous utterances…

False friends:

Actually –aktuálně

Concretely – konkrétně

Chef – šéf

How are words remembered?

Short – term store (STS)

Working memory – articulatory loop / visual mnemonics