Etymology
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Acronyms
Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words
CD (“compact disk”) or VCR (“video cassette recorder”), laser (“light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”), radar (“radio detecting and ranging”) NASA, NATO, PIN (“personal identification number”)
Or etc. i.e. = saying the whole thing
Derivation
The most common way to create a new word
the process of forming new words by adding affixes
Prefixes – have to be added to the beginning of the word
Suffixes – have to be added to the end of the word
Infixes – a morpheme that is inserted in the middle of a word (Hallebloodylujah, Unfuckinbelievable)
Lexicalization
Storing sth as a new item in the mental lexicon
To blackmail someone
We don’t think about the words as two separate words (středa, mračit se, omáčka, noviny) we look just to the final meaning = loss of motivation
Idiom = phrase that use some pre-existing words, but we can’t predict the meaning, we need to learn it by heart
Sequence of morphemes
The luck -y boy -s
Functional lexical inflectional lexical inflectional