Shrnutí na 126 stran
Níže je uveden pouze náhled materiálu. Kliknutím na tlačítko 'Stáhnout soubor' stáhnete kompletní formátovaný materiál ve formátu PDF.
A rule of law may have various meanings. One context is a rule according to law (no individual can be ordered by the
government to pay civil damages or suffer criminal punishment except in strict accordance with clearly defined laws and
procedures), another is a rule under law (no branch of government is above the law) and the last one is a rule according to
higher law (no written law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms to certain universal principles).
The system of checks and balances is a system in which the three mutually independent branches compete with one another
and each one serves a watchdog on the others. The purpose is to keep any branch from gaining too much power. For example
in the USA the law-making power is vested in Congress but any of their Acts can be vetoed by the President. This veto can be
then override by a two-thirds vote in each house. The President also appoints important officials of the government (it is called
the Administration) and the appointments must be approved by the Senate. Finally the Supreme Court can strike down any
Act of Congress or any Presidential actions.
SEPARATION OF POWERS
The power in the USA is divided into three branches. The check and balance system ensures that the power between branches
is distributed evenly. The Congress consists of the Senate (two senators for each state) and the House of Representatives
(number depends on the population of the state). The President can veto laws, is in charge of the military and concludes
treaties with other countries. The President’s request for war declaration was denied by Congress twice. The Supreme Court
sets up lower federal courts and ensures that all laws are constitutional (the term for the nine Justices is for life).