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In the UK you have to register to the electoral register in order to vote (you can register at 16, but you can vote once you are
18 years old). There are 650 geographical areas (constituencies) to vote in a parliamentary general election. People who were
found guilty in previous five years of corrupt or illegal practices in connection with an election cannot participate in voting.
EU-citizens can vote in local elections and some referendums. You can vote at a polling station, by post or by proxy (only
under certain circumstances).
14 – HUMAN RIGHTS
INTRODUCTION
There is a general consensus that human rights are considered the minimum standards of freedom and security to which all
people are entitled. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Violations of human rights may lead to
economic sanctions or military interventions. These are often criticized by the affected states for violating international law
and interfering in the affairs of others.
The UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. According to it, all people are entitled
to human rights not depending upon race, colour, sex or religion. People are also protected from slavery and torture, arbitrary
arrest and cruel punishment. However, the declaration does not carry the force of a treaty obligation.
On the other hand, the European Convention on Human Rights is binding and the European Court of Human Rights in
Strasbourg has the right to order a change of law in a particular country in case of violation of human rights.
Articles of the European Convention: obligation to respect human rights, right to life, prohibition of torture, prohibition of
slavery and forced labour, right to liberty and security, right to a fair trial, no punishment without law, right to respect for
private and family life, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and
association, right to marry, right to effective remedy, prohibition of discrimination, derogation in time of emergency,
restrictions on political activity of aliens, prohibition of abuse of rights and limitation on use of restrictions on rights.