07 travel and transport
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The first tourists appeared in the 18th century. They went to see the big European cities. Some of them were so brave that they visited even other continents, which was very dangerous. It was not until the 19th century that the cultural tourism developed into the leisure and health tourism. It has started in Britain. Britain was the first European country with the industrial society. It offers enough time for leisure activities.
Tourism means the act of travelling for a recreation purpose, and a provision of special services for the tourists. According to the official definition of the World Tourist Organization a tourist is ´someone who travels at least eighty kilometers from home for the purpose of recreation´. Sometimes Tourism and Travel are used interchangeably. In this context travel has a similar definition to tourism, but travelling implies a more purposeful journey. Tourism is a part of the service industry and one of the most gainful parts. Big cities support the tourist industry and they want to have benefits from tourists, especially from foreigners.
Tourism may be classified into the following types:
Inbound international tourism: People come to our country.
Outbound international tourism: People from our country go to other countries.
Internal tourism: Tourism in our own country.
Some of special forms of tourism:
Adventure tourism: Travelling in dangerous regions, or adventurous sports such as mountaineering and hiking.
Armchair tourism and virtual tourism: You do not travel physically, but you explore the world through internet, books, TV, etc.
Cultural tourism: It includes urban tourism, visiting historical or interesting cities and towns (such as London, Paris, Rome and Prague) and experiencing their cultural heritage.
Disaster tourism: Travelling to a disaster with the objective to help, but because it is interesting.
Hobby tourism: Travelling for the purpose of meeting others with similar interests or with the same hobby interests.
Sex tourism: Travelling for the purpose of sexual activity, usually with prostitutes
Sport tourism: There is a huge range of sports, which we can do during a vacation
Space tourism
The World Tourism Organization forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at the average annual rate of 4 % .
In some countries there are legal restrictions on travelling, especially abroad. The Czech people experienced these restrictions before 1989. They could not travel so easily because communist states restricted travelling. It was dangerous for them, because people discovered a better life. After 1989 the political situation changed and the borders were opened. But some states still restrict travelling (Cuba, China.).
Some of the European countries formed the European Union (EU). The Czech Republic is a member of this organization too. Travelling in the area of EU has become easier. You need to have only an identity card if you travel into the countries which are the members of EU.