15. The literature between the wars
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15. The Literature Between the Wars
profile: The lost generation (Fitzgerald’s Contemporaries)
state: F.S. Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby
The Lost Generation
only American writers
a generation of artists born at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (generation between the wars)
after WWI, they were mentally (some also physically) devastated
war experience led to PTSD, drugs, alcoholism…
no one really understood them (they didn’t fit in society anymore)
some of them personally experienced horrors of war (they saw how people were killed)
after war, they lost belief in “modern” society (they lost all their ideals and dreams)
existentialism is philosophical movement (What’s purpose of life? Wants to find the way, wants to find that purpose of life)
on the other hand, nihilism is the belief that nothing in the world has a real existence (negative) rejection of all religious and moral principles, in the belief that the life is meaningless
existentialism came from Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard
the name Lost Generation was first used by Gertrude Stein
the best known, writers are G. Stein, E. Hemingway, J. Dos Passos, T. S. Elliot, F. S. Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Theodor Dreiser
Gertrude Stein
she stayed in Paris after WWI
she was a supporter of artists involved in the avantgarde movements
she experimented with words (the look and the sound played significant role in her work)
she wrote about reality (her own experience)
her famous sentence “A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose:”
works – Three lives, The making of Americans
Ernest Hemingway
from Illinois
his father loved hunting and fishing and took his family with himself (huge influence on him we can see these activities in his work)
as a young man took part in WWI as a member of ambulance service
after he became a journalist, and later started writing novels and stories
during twenties Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris (he described this experience in his first important work The Sun Also Rises)
during the Spanish civil war, he worked as a war correspondent (also had influence on his work)
he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature (1954)
he suffered depression, drank a lot (commited suicide)
Hemingway liked adventure (hunting, fishing, bull fighting)
he loved Spain (the people, traditions, festivals – for example we can see tradition of Sanferimens in his work but it’s not the only one, all of these are reflected in his novels and short stories)
his style is sometimes called telegraphic (because of the short, simple sentences, he wasn’t using many descriptive adjectives – usually adds a sense of drama to the action)
he was also famous for the iceberg writing technique (skipping some background, unimportant information and details, the reader can understand the background from reading, it’s sort of minimalist style)
his work is strongly influenced by WWI and its impact on the whole society
works:
The Sun Also Rises – a personal tragedy of man who was sexually maimed during WWI and tries to cope with life and himself (setting – Paris, Spain / background – festivals)