Children and their common medical issues

and clinical history of developing deformity. Bracing, often used in treating idiopathic or neuromuscular

scoliosis, has little role in the management of congenital deformities of the spine.

Congenital elevation of the scapula belongs to the disorders of the upper limb. Surgery is the only effective treatment. This surgical procedure is done between 3 and 8 years of age.

Many disorders of the lower limb are present at birth, but not apparent at that time. Certain deformities, such as polydactyly, are obvious. Others, however, especially those involving the hip, require considerable diagnostic skill and management to avoid devastating consequences.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is currently accepted term for abnormalities of the hip joint that untreated, lead to faulty development and disability. Approximately 12 of every 1 000 children are born with instability of the hip. Factors that greatly increase the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip include breech positioning, a family history of DDH, female gender and being a firstborn child. Almost 3 percents of girls with a breech presentation have a dislocation of the hip. Children with congenital foot deformities or torticollis also are at greater risk for DDH.

VOCABULARY

achondroplasia porucha růstu kostí a chrupavky vedoucí

k trpasličímu růstu

autistic behaviour autistické chování

backward development opožděný vývoj

birth injury porodní trauma

birth rate, natality porodnost

breech zadeček, konec pánevní

cerebral palsy mozková obrna

children’s home dětský domov

children’s nurse dětská sestra

cleft lip rozštěp rtu, zaječí pysk

cleft palate rozštěp patra

congenital disorder vrozená vada

cot death smrt v postýlce, syndrom náhlé smrti kojenců

day nursery denní jesle

developmental dysplasia of the hip vrozené vykloubení kyčle, luxatio congenital

disobedient neposlušný

eczema ekzém

encephalopathy encefalopatie, mozkové onemocnění

různého původu

fine motor skills jemná motorika

flat foot plochá noha

gross motor skills hrubá motorika

immaturity nedonošenost

infant welfare centre dětská poradna

knock-knees křivé nohy

labour pains porodní bolesti

lead olovo

malnourished child podvyživené dítě

malnutrition podvýživa

measles spalničky

multiple mnohočetný, rozmanitý

neglect zanedbat

obstetrician porodník

osteogenesis imperfecta osteogenesis imperfecta, vrozená lomivost kostí

pre-term baby předčasně narozené dítě

prevalence obecné rozšíření, převaha

preventable čemu lze předejít, nikoli nevyhnutelný

profound velice hluboký

profound sleep hluboký spánek

rickets křivice

rubella zarděnky

self-care skills dovednosti sebeobsluhy

semiskilled částečně vyškolený

spina bifida zadní rozštěp páteře

teething prořezávání zubů

to be flat-footed mít ploché nohy

unskilled nekvalifikovaný

well-nourished child dobře živené dítě