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22.MO – London

Osnova:

1. history

2. cultural life

3. the Royal family

4. sightseeing

5. famous poeple

  1. History – Romans – Anglossaxons – Middle ages – Tudors – Stuarts – Victorians – Gregorians – 20th century

  2. Cultural life

  3. The Royal family – Vicotrie – další významní – současnost

  4. Sightseeing – památky

  5. Famous people

  • Capital city of England, biggest city in Europe

  • Standing on river Thames

  • Around 620 square miles

HISTORY:

  1. Romans

  • 43AD – founded by Romans – port Londinium

  • Capital city to 410

  1. Anglosaxons and Vikings

  • During the 8. century capital of kingdom Essex

  • During the 9. century Viking attacks main seat of Vikings

  1. The Middle ages

  • 1066AD won William Conqueror at Hasting Normans dynasty

  • 1078 Tower was built

  • 1348-50 hard times – black death (around half of inhabitants died)

  1. Tudors

  • 1485 Henry VII started to reign London´s blossoming (rozkvět)

  • Growth of trade, new ports

  • 1558 Elizabeth I. – last monarch of the house of Tudors, 45 year reign, Virgin Queen (never get married), London was wealthy and successful city

  • Globe theatre (Shakespeare)

  1. Stuarts

  • Not so successful (Catholics X Protestants)

  • Rule of Oliver Cromwell (Lord protector)

  • 1666 great fire of London destroyed majority of the wooden city rebuilt

  1. Victorians

  • 1837 Victoria become Queen at age 18

  • Victorian era

  • Fast grew of London – centre of world trade and had a large, powerful Empire

  • House of Parliament was built after fire

  • First underground (The Tube) opened

  1. Gregorians

  • Biggest growth

  • 1 million inhabitants biggest European city

  1. 20th century

  • 1st world war – London was bombarded

  • 2nd world war – bombarded by Germans

  • Elizabeth II. started to rule 1952

CULTURAL LIFE:

  • Diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region

  • Centre of different cultural events and touristic spots

  • 3 cultural icons – red telephone boxes, Big ben, double-decker buses

  • 150 theatres (Globe)

  • 857 galleries

  • 170 museums

  • Three out of the ten largest and most popular museums in the world

  • Three UNESCO protected objects (Tower, Maritime Greenwich, Westminster palace with Westminster Abbey, St. Margaret´s church and the Royal Botanic gardens)

  • Festivals (music, fashion, design, film, …), carnivals, more than 17000 music events per year

  • Many films filmed there: The Shining (Nicholson), My fair lady (Hepburn), Harry Potter

  • Nightlife – clubs, pubs, music venues

  • Many professional sports teams

  • Summer Olympic games (1908, 1948, 2012)

  • Very popular: football, rugby, cricket

  • Travel: buses, taxis, tube (underground), ships

THE ROYAL FAMILY:

  • Surrname is Wisdor

Members:

  1. The Queen Elizabeth II. – 21. April 1926, married to Prince Philip – Duke of Edinburg, constitutioal monarch official head of state, queen of 16 former British colonies, head of commonwealth, ascended the throne at 1952, coronated at Westminster Abbey at 1953, royal seat is Buckingham palace (since 1837, first was Victoria)

  2. The Prince of Wales – Prince Charles, Queen´s eldest son, first wife Diana Spencer (divorced died in carcrash), second wife Camilla Parker-Bowles (Duchess of Cornwall)

  3. The Princess royal – Princess Anne, Queen´s daughter

  4. Prince William of Wales – Charles´s eldest son, married with Kate Middleton – he met her on university, 2 children

  5. Prince Harry of Wales – Charles´s younger son, married actress Meghan Markle

  6. The Duke of York – Prince Andrew, second son of Elizabeth

  7. The Earl of Wessex – Prince Edward, Queen´s youngest son, wife Countess of Wessex

  8. The Duke and Duches of Gloucester

  9. The Duke and Duches of Kent

  10. The Prince and Princess Michael of Kent

  11. The Princess Alexandra

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