London
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22.MO – London
Osnova:
1. history
2. cultural life
3. the Royal family
4. sightseeing
5. famous poeple
History – Romans – Anglossaxons – Middle ages – Tudors – Stuarts – Victorians – Gregorians – 20th century
Cultural life
The Royal family – Vicotrie – další významní – současnost
Sightseeing – památky
Famous people
Capital city of England, biggest city in Europe
Standing on river Thames
Around 620 square miles
HISTORY:
Romans
43AD – founded by Romans – port Londinium
Capital city to 410
Anglosaxons and Vikings
During the 8. century capital of kingdom Essex
During the 9. century Viking attacks main seat of Vikings
The Middle ages
1066AD won William Conqueror at Hasting Normans dynasty
1078 Tower was built
1348-50 hard times – black death (around half of inhabitants died)
Tudors
1485 Henry VII started to reign London´s blossoming (rozkvět)
Growth of trade, new ports
1558 Elizabeth I. – last monarch of the house of Tudors, 45 year reign, Virgin Queen (never get married), London was wealthy and successful city
Globe theatre (Shakespeare)
Stuarts
Not so successful (Catholics X Protestants)
Rule of Oliver Cromwell (Lord protector)
1666 great fire of London destroyed majority of the wooden city rebuilt
Victorians
1837 Victoria become Queen at age 18
Victorian era
Fast grew of London – centre of world trade and had a large, powerful Empire
House of Parliament was built after fire
First underground (The Tube) opened
Gregorians
Biggest growth
1 million inhabitants biggest European city
20th century
1st world war – London was bombarded
2nd world war – bombarded by Germans
Elizabeth II. started to rule 1952
CULTURAL LIFE:
Diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region
Centre of different cultural events and touristic spots
3 cultural icons – red telephone boxes, Big ben, double-decker buses
150 theatres (Globe)
857 galleries
170 museums
Three out of the ten largest and most popular museums in the world
Three UNESCO protected objects (Tower, Maritime Greenwich, Westminster palace with Westminster Abbey, St. Margaret´s church and the Royal Botanic gardens)
Festivals (music, fashion, design, film, …), carnivals, more than 17000 music events per year
Many films filmed there: The Shining (Nicholson), My fair lady (Hepburn), Harry Potter
Nightlife – clubs, pubs, music venues
Many professional sports teams
Summer Olympic games (1908, 1948, 2012)
Very popular: football, rugby, cricket
Travel: buses, taxis, tube (underground), ships
THE ROYAL FAMILY:
Surrname is Wisdor
Members:
The Queen Elizabeth II. – 21. April 1926, married to Prince Philip – Duke of Edinburg, constitutioal monarch official head of state, queen of 16 former British colonies, head of commonwealth, ascended the throne at 1952, coronated at Westminster Abbey at 1953, royal seat is Buckingham palace (since 1837, first was Victoria)
The Prince of Wales – Prince Charles, Queen´s eldest son, first wife Diana Spencer (divorced died in carcrash), second wife Camilla Parker-Bowles (Duchess of Cornwall)
The Princess royal – Princess Anne, Queen´s daughter
Prince William of Wales – Charles´s eldest son, married with Kate Middleton – he met her on university, 2 children
Prince Harry of Wales – Charles´s younger son, married actress Meghan Markle
The Duke of York – Prince Andrew, second son of Elizabeth
The Earl of Wessex – Prince Edward, Queen´s youngest son, wife Countess of Wessex
The Duke and Duches of Gloucester
The Duke and Duches of Kent
The Prince and Princess Michael of Kent
The Princess Alexandra