Oral exam - Fonetika otázky
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Tone unit – it is a unit of intonation
Pitch – Height of speech sounds
Nuclear syllable – it is the syllable on which the pitch movement begins, this syllable stands out from the others, it carries the main focus of information – it is usually the final lexical word in a tone group. – I passed the exam. I passed the exam. I passed the exam.
What are the five main forms of intonation?
Fall 2. Rise 3. Fall and rise 4. Rise and fall 5. Level
What does each form tell the listener?
Fall – It is neutral. – Yes, I did.
Rise – We use it when we want to say that the other person should continue, something should follow – You turn left (Yes?), then you go straight (yes?) and our house is on the right. OR Have you seen Peter? – No? = tell me more.
Fall and rise – It means limited agreement. – Was it good film? Yes (but… )
Rise and fall – This is for strong feelings of approval, disapproval or surprise. – Would you kill me? No!
Level - it may be used to answer routine questions, it almost always means that the person is bored – Do you suffer from illness? No. Is your eyesight defective? No.
What are the four functions of intonation?
Attitudinal function – we express emotions and attitudes – we can say yes so it almost means no.
Grammatical function – it can show grammatical structure of what is being said - She dressed and fed the baby. She dressed (and then), and fed the baby. They are coming, aren’t they? – the person doesn’t know if they are really coming or not. They are coming, aren’t they? – the person wants to hear an agreement.
Accentual function – the most common position for the tonic syllable is the last lexical word but any word can become the tonic syllable – Linda was wearing that skirt. Linda was wearing that skirt.
Discourse function – it looks at the larger context
Spelling
What is the relationship between letters and sounds?
Every letter has a sound to represent it. Some letters have only one sound, some letters can have more sounds.
Give some examples of spelling sound patters
Letter A can have a sound ei – Kate, æ – cat, o: - call, a: - card and ə - alone
Which letters are silent letters?
P – psychology, cupboard b – thumb, limb t – listen
d – handsome, sandwich k – knee, know g – daughter
s – island h – why, honour n – autumn
l – half, folk w – write, wrong e – at the end of words - hope
c – muscle u – guitar, guess
How to improve your pronunciation?
Learn phonetics and phonology, watching English films, repeating phrases, singing English songs, talking with native speakers
Accents of English
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