Stress
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1. One syllable words
Obviously, these present no problems because, when pronounced in isolation, they receive the primary stress. (There is no other syllable competing with it.)
/kIŋg//bʌs/ /gəʊt/ /stænd/
2. Two syllable words
The choice is still quite simple; either the first or the second syllable will be stressed. It is usually the case with verbs that, if the second syllable of the verb contains a long vowel or diphthong, or if it ends with more than one consonant, then the second syllable is stressed:
/ əˡtrækt/ /əˡraIv/ /əˡgəʊ/ /əˡbaʊt/
If the final syllable contains a short vowel and one or no final consonant, then usually, the first syllable will be stressed.
/ˡəʊpən/ /ˡentə/
Two syllable adjectives are stressed in the same manner.
/ˡhɒləʊ/ /əˡfreId/ /kəˡrekt/
Nouns generally use a different rule. If the second syllable contains a short vowel, then the stress usually comes on the first syllable - otherwise it will be on the second syllable.
/ˡmʌŋki//ˡprɒdʌkt/ /dIˡzaIn/ /ˡpeIpə/
3. Three syllable and more words
Determining stress becomes very complicated from this point on. The rules start to become quite arbitrary with more exceptions than can easily be explained away. One general hint to remember is that weak syllables never carry stress. Therefore, any syllable with a schwa in it will never be the stressed syllable. Despite the large amount of research done on the subject of stress, it is still one area of which we have little understanding.