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Electoral fraud (vote rigging) includes acts which are illegal and also acts that are morally unacceptable. It occurs mostly
during election campaigns. The most common types of electoral fraud is preventing eligible voters from casting their votes
freely, vote buying (electoral treating) and altering the results.
ELECTIONS IN THE USA, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND IN THE UK
The presidential election in the USA is indirect. The voters cast ballots for electors of the U.S. Electoral College, who directly
elect the President. The Election Day is on Tuesday between November 2 and November 8. Number of electors for each state
depends on the number of representatives and senators. Each state regulates its own way to choose the electors. In the Czech
Republic the office of President was filled by the joint session of both chambers. In 2012, the direct presidential election was
passed. The first direct election was held in January 2013 and the President was elected in the second round, because no
candidate received the majority of votes in the first one.
Polling in the Czech Republic takes place on days determined by the government and during prescribed hours. The voters
are informed about the place, date and time by their municipalities at least 15 days in advance. At the polling station the
voters’ names are checked against the election register. Voters then get their ballot papers, where they mark the name of
the candidate/party of their choice. The voting takes place behind the screen, where the voter put his ballot paper in the
envelope and casts it into the ballot box. No other person can be present behind the screen with the voter (this doesn’t apply
to the people with a certain disability).