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The contract may be oral or written, unilateral or bilateral (depends on the number of promises made), executory (not
performed yet) or executed (already fulfilled) and valid/invalid or voidable (may be later confirmed or avoided by an adult).
The contract may be null and void due to stating untrue facts, misrepresentation, mistake or duress.
REMEDIES AND DISCHARGE OF CONTRACT
The end of life of a contract is called termination or discharge. The contract may be discharged by fulfilment or by breach of
contract. In this case, the injured party is entitled to remedy, for example damages, specific performance or injunction. The
parties may also agree on a certain amount of money, which will be paid in case of breach. This is called liquidated damages.
The contract may also be discharged by agreement or a waiver (parties waived their rights). The parties may agree on accord
and satisfaction (one party cannot fulfil and offers some other substitute) or on a replacement of a party (a novation). The
contract can be discharged by frustration (due to unforeseeable events). The clause covering this possibility is called Force
Majeure (or Vis Major or Act of God).
The last way of discharging a contract is a limitation of action. The specified period of time has elapsed and the obligations
are statute-barred.
5 – CRIMINAL LAW & PROCEDURE
CRIMINAL LAW I – GENERAL INFORMATION
A crime is an illegal act which may result in prosecution and punishment by the state if the accused is convicted. Generally, in
order to be convicted of a crime, the accused must be shown to have committed an unlawful act with a criminal state of mind.