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Entity
Liability of owners
Capital contributions
Management
Sole trader
Unlimited personal
liability for the
obligations of the
business
Capital needed is
contributed by sole
proprietor.
Business is managed by
the sole proprietor.
Private limited
company
Generally no personal
liability of the
members for
obligations of the
business
No minimum share
capital requirement.
However, capital can
be raised through the
issuanse of shares to
members or through a
guarantee.
Company is managed
through its managing
director or the board of
directors acting as a
whole.
Public limited company No personal liability,
liability is generally
limited to shareholder
The minimum share
capital of 50 000
pounds is raised trough
Company is managed
by the board of
directors, shareholders
MP409Zk
a) express terms (specificky vyjádřené) – these are either spoken or written down.
b) implied terms (nepřímo vyjádřené) – these can include merchantability, sellers right to sell, goods have to correspond
with their description etc.
Terms can also be divided into conditions, warranties and intermediate stipulations (they are concerned only with services
not goods). Conditions are more important and if they are breached, the injured party may discharge the contract while
breach of warranties only entitles him to seek damages. Intermediate stipulations give the party both rights – the right to
discharge the contract and the right to sue for damages, it depends on the circumstances and it's decided by a court.
Disclaimer – refusal of rights or liability which might otherwise fall upon the person.
Merchantability – an implied term concerning the quality of the goods.
Product liability – the responsibility of a manufacturer or vendor of goods to compensate for injury caused by a defective
product.
Purchaser – a person buying goods (buyer, vendee).
Refund – a repayment of a sum of money.
Statute of limitation – the law establishing the maximum period of time within which an action must be brought.
Statute-barred – action or right, that can no longer be the subject of a legal action because of the time limit imposed by the
limitations act.
Terms – the elements of the proposed contract.
Vendor – a person who sells.
Warranty – non-essential contractual term (vedlejší smluvní podmínka/ujednání) or a guarantee given on the performance
of the product (záruka).
Contract – bindind agreement between two or more parties, which might be enforced by the court.
Exemption clause – warning that no responsibility will be accepted in the case of loss, damage or injury.