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MP409Zk
under laws – podle zákonů
vice versa – naopak
well-being – blaho
Unit 2
Definitions:
Case law – precedenční právo
Code law – kodifikované právo
Types of law in England:
a) common law
b) law of equity – právo ekvitní, právo spravedlnosti
c) statutes – zákony
a) a b) jsou precedenty
Civil law je:
a) branch of law = private law – občanské právo
b) continental law
written law – continental x unwritten law – based on customs and precedents
2 parts of judgment:
Ratio decidendi – it is a part of reasoning in the judgments which is necessary in order to determine the law on the issue
in the particular case before the judge.
Obiter dictum – it is an incidental and collateral opinion that is uttered by a judge but is not binding.
The doctrine of stare decisis – the most important cases that became precedents are binding for future cases, judge is
bound to reach the same decision
Inductive – reached by reasoning from general rules to particular cases
Deductive – reasoning in individual cases leads to general rules
Legislature – law making body – zákonodárný sbor, zákonodárci
Legislator - a member of a group of people who together have the power to make law – zákonodárce
Powers:
Legislative – power to create law – zákonodárná moc
Executive – výkonná moc
Judiciary – soudní moc
2 types of acts:
General acts – public acts – zákony se všeobecnou působností – they affect the community at large
Local acts – personal acts – zákony s omezenou působností – they affect particular locality or individuals
Equity - it deals with problems which common law cant solve, it presents different ways of compensating loss – remedy
Types of remedies:
a) damages – monetary compensation
b) injuction – a court order to do something or stop doing something (soudní příkaz)
c) specific performance – a court order for a party to perform actions required under a contract
b) a c) jsou equitable remedies