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Unit 3
Definitions:
Types of law:
a) private law –
it is a branch of law which concerns disputes between citizens within a country.
b) public law – it is a branch of law which concerns disputes between state and citizens or between states.
a) civil law – both parties are at equal position and it seeks to redress wrongs by enforcing compensation or restitution.
b) criminal law – the parties aren't at equal position, it imposes punishment on the wrondgoer, its aim is retribution.
a) substantive law – it defines rights and duties of people.
b) procedural law – it lays down the rules saying how the rights and duties are enforced.
Categories of private law:
a) family law - it is a body of law related to marriage, separation, divorce and custody of children.
b) contract law - it is a body of law related to binding agreements between people or companies.
c) law of torts - it is a body of law related to wrongs committed by one individual to another. The person can hurt another
person, her property or reputation.
d) law of trusts - it is a body of law related to arrangements whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of
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another.
e) probate law - it is a body of law dealing with arrangements related to the validity of will and the administration of
estates after the owner dies.
f) land law - it is a body of law which deals with rights and interests related to owning and using immovable assets
Categories of public law:
a) criminal law – is is a body of law which deals with ilegal conduct prohibited and punished by government because it
threatens and harms public safety.
b) constitutional law – it is a body of law which regulates how law itself operates. It also regulates relations between
government and citizens.
c) international law – it is a body of law related to regulation of operations between govenrments and citizens of one state
to another.