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LEGISLATION
Legislation may be divided into primary and secondary one. The primary is made by the supreme legislative body
(Parliament). In Britain, the laws of the primary legislation break down into public (apply to the entire community) and private
ones (apply to a particular individual/group of individuals). The secondary (also delegated) legislation is made by ministries
(statutory instruments) or local authorities (by-laws).
The proposal of a statute is called a bill. Then it becomes an act of Parliament and needs to gain the royal assent or
President’s signature. After that the act may come into effect.
Structure of laws:
chapter (částka)
part, title, subpart (část, hlava, oddíl)
section (paragraf)
subsection (odstavec)
paragraph (písmeno)
subparagraph (věta/bod)
2 – DIVISION OF LAW
DIVISION OF LAW
Law is traditionally divided into private and public.
Private law concerns disputes among citizens within the country. It includes contracts, torts, trusts, probate and family
law.
Public law concerns disputes between citizens and state or between on state and another. Public law includes crimes,
constitutional law and international law.
However, the most prominent areas of these two branches are civil and criminal law. Both types are sub-divided into
substantive (defining rights and duties of people) and procedural law (laying down the rules with the help of which the rights
and duties are enforced).
Criminal procedure