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7 – LAW OF PROPERTY & LAW OF TRUSTS
PROPERTY AND LAND LAW
The freeholder holds the land until they die and the land is then passed to their heirs. The leaseholder possesses the land for
a certain period of time. The relationship is referred to as a landlord (lessor) and tenant (lessee). The lessee has a right to sell
his lease (or sublet it) and to possess the land exclusively. He has a duty to pay the rent and to keep the land in a good condition.
The sanction for the tenant is a warning or eviction (their lease is forfeited).
Other rights to a land are called interests in or charges over land and include easement (right to use the land of another in
some way) and mortgages (a security by a person who borrows money from another.
The transfer of land to another person is called conveyancing. All the information about land real property are recorded in
the Land Registry.
LAW OF PROBATE
The person writing a will is called testator/testatrix. If someone dies intestate (or partial intestate), their property is divided
according to the law of succession.
The will needs to be in writing and signed by the testator and two witnesses. Soldiers can draft their wills orally.
When someone dies, their estate is passed to the executor named in a will or (if there is no will) to the administrator appointed
by the court. They hold the estate until all the taxes and debts are paid and then they distribute the estate to the heirs and
heiresses. The heirs are obliged to pay the inheritance tax.
LAW OF TRUSTS
A trust is a legal device used to set aside the property of one person (settlor) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary).
A trust is also binding for the trustees, who administer the property and have fiduciary duties (to act in the best interest of a
client or beneficiary).