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3._UNITED_KINGDOM_OF_GREAT_BRITAIN_AND_THE_NORTHERN_IRELAND

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UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND

* BASIC FACTS AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT EACH OF THE FOUR COUNTRIES

The capital city is London.

The population is almost 60 million inhabitants.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.

The area of is about 245 thousand square kilometres.

The official language is English but many people in Wales and Scotland are bilingual.

symbols

The British national flag is called Union Jack and it is combination of the St George’s Cross (symbolizing England), St Andrew Cross (Scotland) and St Patrick Cross (Ireland).The national anthem is “God Save the Queen”. St George is the patron saint of England.

religion

The British are mostly protestant. It was Hendry VIII who split from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and established the Church of England. Since then the kings or queens have been crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury as the official heads of the Church. The leader of the Catholic Church in Britain is still the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster.

Wales

The Welsh called their country Cymru. It is situated on the west part of Great Britain. It has a hilly character.

The capital is Cardiff. People are bilingual; they speak both English and Welsh.

The symbols are: St David (the patron), harp, daffodil and dragon. Eisteddfods (meeting in English) are Welsh festivals of music and dancing.

Scotland

The Scotland may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands. There are the Caledonian Mountains, the Grampians with the highest peak Ben Nevis, Loch Ness with the tourist attraction monster “Nessie”.

The biggest Scottish city is Glasgow but the capital is Edinburg – the seat of the Scottish parliament.

Holyrood House and Royal Mie leading to the Castle are big tourist attractions.

Scots speak English and in some parts Scottish Gaelic as well.

The symbols are thistle, patron St Andrew and typical instrument is the pipe.

A typical Scot is dressed in a pleated tartan kilt. Tartan is a woollen cloth with chequered pattern.

The Scots love their traditional sports like tossing the caber, curling, tossing the hammer or a tug-of-war.

Ireland

Ireland is divided into the Northern Ireland (Ulster), and the Republic of Ireland called Eire.

The capital of Ulster is Belfast and the capital of Eire is Dublin. Irish flag is a tricolour of green (symbolizing native Roman Catholics), orange (British supporters of William) and white (peace between them).

The symbols of the country are a shamrock (green clover) symbolizing the Holy Trinity and the patron saint of Ireland is St Patrick.

The Irish like playing Gaelic football and hurling.

* GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES (MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LOWLANDS…) AND CLIMATE

The British Isles are formatted by the two major islands of Great Britain and Ireland. The isles are washed off by the North Sea in the north and east, by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the West. On the sought England and France are divided by the La Manche Channel.

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