Přednášky - britské studie

Architecture

• 1851 – Great world exhibition – Crystal palace

• Palace of Parliament

1840 – Waitangi treaty

• With New Zealand – in exchange of protection

• N.Z. gave up their sovereignty

• It gave the Maori the rights of British subjects

• Queen Victoria still remained their queen

The Irish famine (1845)

• Two fundamental foods – fish and potatoes

• Crisis – potatoes were unavailable

• Brits sent support – but the food was only for protestants

• 1/3 of the population died of hunger

• Many immigrated to America

• One of the greatest wave of immigration

Australian gold rush (1851-1861)

• People were trying to get rich so they dug in the mines trying to find gold

The Sepoy movement (1857)

• India administrated directly by the Queen

• Indians were professional soldiers -?? – discrimination

• Sepoys were insiders

• West Indies (in the Atlantic ocean) – Karibik “Západní Indie”

• British empire in the Victorian age was the biggest empire in history

• 1867 – Brits dominated Canada

Victorian literature

- Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist, David Copperfield), William Thackeray (Vanity Fair), George Eliot (woman – movie Middle March), Anthony Trollope (gave cycles of novels, the same family – Pallistor family), Bronté sisters (Emily, Charlotte, Anne – made debut with male names and then reveled, they were all women – Yone Eyre, Conflict between body and soul)

- Children’s literature – Lewis Carrol (Alice in Wonderland, Alice through looking glass…), Anna Sevel (Black beauty), Anthony Hope (The prisoner of Zenda), R.L. Stevenson (Treasured Island)

- Poetry – the Brownings (Robert Browning and his wife), Alfred Tennyson, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (two poets of Italian origin – Christina Rosetti – poems for little children - and Dante Gabriel Rosetti) > Raphaeli inspired

- J.E. Milliais – Ophelia

- Big differences within the society, some are extremely rich, others don’t even have money for food

- It was not common for women to make money, it was men’s job

- All children were obligated to go to school for at least 4 years – you need books

5. The Twentieth century

1. WW (1914 – 1918)

• Great powers in Europe wanted colonies, but GB had already divided Africa, Australia, …

• Export of Raw material for very cheap from colonial countries (Coffee, spices, … )

• 1940 – Sarajevo(?) – it belonged to Austrian – Hungarian empire – Serbian revolution > Serbia was supported by Russia (L’Entente agreement)

• Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey

• Russia, GB, France

• Germany attacked Belgium > Germany must be defeated and punished

• Fields of Belgium and France

• Enthusiasm diminished – why do they fight, what is the purpose, Germany for the first time used chemical weapons – effected health of soldiers and also civilist

• Turning point – 1916 US joined the agreement (GB, France and Russia) – US had enormous economic power, there was a rising in Ireland against English power – they fought for the empire, because England didn’t treated Ireland very well – All the rulers of East rising were executed

• They lost the Northern Ireland (there ever people from Ireland, Scotland, England, Catholic and Protestants)

• Bolševik revolution broke out – Russia withdraw (make a peace) with Germany

• Russian empire – collapsed, Austria-Hungary – collapsed

• The beginning of new countries – Poland, Czechoslovakia, …

• They wanted to punish Germany – but for Europe it was not possible to recover without Germany

• The league of nations should protect the peace between countries