The British History-Lecture Notes - ke zkoušce

1851 – Great World Exhibition – Crystal Palace

• Revival of gothic architecture

1840 Waitangi Treaty (New Zealand, treaty with Maori)

• For protection ← they gave up their sovereignty

  • (different copies of the treaty ← they didn’t know about it)

  • Anyway, it prevented massacre

1845 Irish Famine

• Lived on potatoes and fish

  • Disease of potatoes spread

  • Did London help? ← not so much, and if they helped then only to Protestants

  • 1/3 died, 1/3 left the country (→ America)

1851-1861 Australian Gold Rush

• They killed many indigenous inhabitants

• Trying to get rich

• Australia was used as Prison, even for children

1857 Sepoy movement

• Revolt in India (against the attitude of superiority)

• Sepoy = Indians enrolled in British army, professional soldiers

  • They knew the tactics → difficult to defeat

• → then India administrated directly by the Queen

  • Before by East India (company)

  • West indies? – Caribbean Sea, Jamaica…) ← (viz mapa Port Royale II→ rozhodně zahrát před zkouškou)

1867 British North America – Canada (domination) – loyal colonies formed Canada

Development of transportation

• Public railway, steam ships, stagecoaches)

Public systems of heating and lightening

Urbanization

The First Industrial revolution

• 1760 James Watt

• Steam engine

The Second Industrial Revolution

• Known as Technological Revolution

• phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th

  • electricity

  • chemicals

  • petroleum

  • iron and steel

  • …

Again →

• great development

• greatest expansion

• wealth not distributed equally

  • slums vs enormous wealth

• great cultural development

  • usually novels (most popular; story about an ordinary person…)

Charles Dickens

• Oliver Twist

• Great Expectations (depicts the personal growth and personal development of an orphan nicknamed Pip)

William Thackeray

• Vanity Fair (a story of a woman who aspires to became a member of the higher class…during and after the Napoleonic Wars; has inspired several film adaptations)

Anthony Trollope

• Palliser novels (collection)

  • imposed marriage → a very young woman forced to the marriage (good for her family) → in the end he succeeded in winning her love

George Eliot

• a woman!!!

• used a man name to be taken more seriously

• novels

  • Middlemarch

    • A Study of Provincial Life

    • set in the fictitious Midlands town of Middlemarch

    • a work of realism that refers to many historical events

  • Daniel Deronda

    • social satire and moral searching

Bronte Sisters (Emily, Charlotte, Ann)

• debut with men’s names → then revealed

• Emily’s Wuthering Heights

  • contrast btw flesh and society (desires and needs?)

    • should be controlled, needs submitted to the rules

Development of children’s literature (school at least for 4 years)

Lewis Carol

• Alice In Wonderland