The British History-Lecture Notes - ke zkoušce

1587 Spain attacked England

• Henry's (VII) wife was a Spanish princess

• encouraged by the pope

• she didn't fight, but gave a speech (first political speech given by a woman)

• defeated Spain

  • Centre of commerce moves from Mediterranean Sea to Atlantic Ocean

  • development of the trade, built ships, supported merchants, trading companies, trading to India, Africa, Russia, Scandinavia

    • she was very interested in the trade

Renaissance

• a radical change on perspective of humanity, human being is considered to be the most important value

• Thomas More (Morus) PRON

  • essayist and philosopher

  • adviser of Henry VIII

  • Utopia

    • very advanced ideas for his time, sailor reached the island where there was no private property, everybody was equal, they worked together, divided things according to their needs

  • the source of evil is the private property → no property = no envy = no problems

• Sir Francis Bacon PRON

  • chancellor, adviser of the Q Elisabeth

  • “New Atlantis” – utopia, imaginary country, science has a very important role here

    • it is about an island where a boat from Europe came when they got lost in the Pacific Ocean.

    • foreshadows new discoveries – machines that go under water, science helps human to develop, invented new scientific method

  • Explore your soul a study (essay)

    • some books are to be chewed, others to be tasted

  • Novum Organum

    • philosophical essay where he explains epitomical-logical strategies – you should look for facts in

    • nature and after observing you should find a general rule of chat we studied

• Aemilia Lanyer PRON

  • poet (contemporary of Shakespeare)

  • Italian origin, her father was a musician

• Philip Sidney PRON

  • Sonnets; Defence of Poetry

  • “Defence of poetry” his famous essay, tried to find out what is a poetry, why do people need it, metatext

• Sir Edmund Spencer PRON

  • “The Faerie queen” – collection of stories

    • about the faire queen, who is most beautiful of all the Aires.; it is a narrative poem

• Lady Mary Wroth PRON

  • first woman author of sonnets, “Pamphilia to Amphilanthus” to her lover

• Christopher Marlowe PRON

  • a playwright, university wit, working for Elisabeth´s secret police, died because he knew too much,

  • The Mighty Marlowe Verse”, “Dr. Faustus” – scholar who makes a deal with devil, “The Jew of Malta”

• Comedies

  • Robert Greene, George Peele

• William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre

- successful, invited to court, caught fire, manuscripts caught fire

- play reconstructed from the memory of actors, some people think that Bacon, queen or Count de Vere wrote the plays

Stuart Family James I

• 1603 Elizabeth I died → the end of Tudor Dynasty

• James I son of Mary S (cousin of E. I)

• King of Scotland and E

• well educated (Latin, French)

• commissioned translation of The Bible into English (complicated, from Latin) → important moment, "Holy Book";

  • King James Bible

  • accessible even to the poor... "democratization"

  • also "unification of spelling"

• The Gunpowder Plot

  • ardent Catholics plotted to kill the king - discovered → the king's popularity ↑↑