The British History-Lecture Notes - ke zkoušce

• Japan - Asia for Asians (frustrated by expansions)

• France conquered quickly (despite the Maginot Line – a huge wall)

• A battle for England – Hitler started bombing London heavily; life became difficult (hidden in underground, noise (bombing)→ people had to go to villages → until 1941

• queen refused to leave London (to encourage people)

1940 Winston Churchill – Prime Minister (leader of the fleet, from famous aristocratic family)

• organised the defence of GB

• GB fights alone against Germany, Italy, Japan

• USA gave them equipment (trucks, engines, machines)

• ENIGMA – DECODE →… it helped a lot

1941 attack on Pearl Harbour → USA joins the war

Germany occupied GB and France

USA, GB, SSSR → Anti-fascist union

1944 new front in France → Paris was liberated after that

1945 Berlin Fallen → divide among the winners

Berlin divided into 4 sectors

8 May 1945 End of The War

Economy destroyed by the war; shortages of food; rations (food, textiles…)

Marshall plan – USA offered help to recover from loses caused by the war; Stalin was against → can’t receive anything from Americans

Why they helped? → booming economy, they had to sell their goods → to prevent crisis

Led to ↓↓↓

The Cold War

Ideological war Soviet Union x USA but ↓↓

war in Vietnam and Korea (in both cases North supported by SU and South by USA

• radio extremely important

• “iron curtain fell over Europe”

• up to 1989 → Fall of Communism

1945 UNO San Francisco (United Nations Organization)

• also, military forces “Blue Helmets”

• permanent members and members “for a particular period of time”

A JOINT DECLARATION BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, CANADA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, EL SALVADOR, GREECE, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, INDIA, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA, POLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, YUGOSLAVIA

1947 Independence of India – 1966 → 10 colonies became independent

1948 Israel - Holocaust known → Israel was founded (Palestine vs Israel? → problem these days)