Syntax - semináře zápisky

17. He was in time for tea. SVOC Extensive complex transitive verb

• She gave me a watch – S V Oi Od

• She gave a watch to me. – S V Od Oi – we need to use preposition when objects are like this – ditransitive verb

  • Each of these objects can become a subject

    • A watch was given to me by her.

    • I was given a watch by her.

• It doesn’t have to be always preposition “to”, it can be “for”

Create passive sentences:

Martin showed the photo to me.

• The photo was shown to me by Martin.

• I was shown the photo by Martin.

Martin introduced his guests to me. → only “guests” can become the subject, “I” CAN’T!

• The guests were introduced to me by Martin.

Martin explained the situation to me. → only “situation” can become the subject, “I” CAN’T!

• The situation was explained to me by Martin.

Martin offered a cup of coffee to me.

• A cup of coffee was offered to me by Martin.

• I was offered a cup of coffee.

• Show + offer are ditransitive verbs

• Only direct object can become a subject of the sentence!

• Introduce, explain, admit, announce, demonstrate, describe, mention, repeat, suggest – always have pattern: VERB + OBJECT + TO/FOR + NOUN/PRONOUN

Exercise

Here are seven groups of nouns. Look at the words and find two more nouns to add to each group

• Aircraft, crisis, dozen, mathematics, means, mouse, news, police, scissors, sheep, shelf, thousand, tooth, wolf

1. COUNTABLE NOUNS WITH SINGULAR (AND PLURAL) IN –s

• Series, crossroads, analysis – analyses, means, crisis – crises

1. OTHER NOUNS WITH SINGULAR AND PLURAL THE SAME

• Trout, deer, fish, salmon, sheep, aircraft

1. NOUNS THAT HAVE A PLURAL WITHOUT –s AFTER A NUMBER

• Hundred (two hundred) million, thousand, dozen – if it is concrete number → thousand/if it’s not → thousands

• When we don’t know a specific number, it is followed by OF (millions of people)

• Ten million people – we know the exact number

1. NOUNS WITH SINGULAR IN –f(e), PLURAL IN –ves

• Calf – calves, half – halves, knife – knives, leaf – leaves, life – lives, loaf – loaves, self – selves, thief – thieves, wife – wives, shelf – shelves, wolf – wolves

1. OTHER NOUNS WITH IRREGULAR PLURALS

• Child – children, foot – feet ,fungus – fungi,goose – geese

• Man – men, medium – media, ox – oxen, penny – pence

• Phenomenon – phenomena, woman – women

• Tooth – teeth, mouse – mice

1. UNCOUNTABLE SINGULAR NOUNS ENDING IN –s (NORMALLY NO PLURAL)

• Athletics, billiards, economics, gymnastics, measles, physics, politics, mathematics, news

• Acoustics, statistics – scientific discipline → singular

• Acoustics of this room – it is concrete - plural

1. PLURAL NOUNS WITH NO SINGULAR

• Arms, belongings, cattle, clothes, congratulations, contents, earnings, goods, outskirts, people, remains, surroundings, thanks, troops, trousers, scissors, police - (always followed by plural verbs)

Choose the best combination for each blank

1. In England, a state school has to give time to religious education.