Syntax - veškeré výsledky cvičení
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what, how, whether, if)
Direct yes/no interrogative sentence. Do you like it? → Indirect Yes/no interroga ve sentence. He asked
him whether he liked it.
Direct wh-word interrogative sentence. How do you like it? → indirect wh-word interrogative sentence.
He asked me how I liked it.
7. They are commonly found after reporting and thinking verbs. T
8. We often omit that from the beginning of its clause. T (He told me (that) he liked the house).
9. that-clauses can be one kind of nominal clause. T (the other kinds are: nominal-relative,
nominal wh-interrogative, nominal yes/no interrogative, nominal exclamative)
10. 10.A that-clause in front-position may start with zero that. F (i.e. It can't be omitted at the
beginning) ← that-clause functions as the Subject → that must be included
Exercises – backshift
1. Back-shift always identifies a change of time reference. F
We don't have to use backshift when the statement it stil true (it's optional) or when it's considered to
be a general truth (eternal truth, e.g. John said that Canberra is the capital of Australia.).
We usual y backshift tenses, pronouns and place/time adverbs.
2. We use it most commonly in indirect speech. T
(after framing/introducing clause → it becomes a nominal clause answering… what?)
3. Back-shift is compulsory in al indirect speech. F
(past perfect can't be backshifted and we don't use backshift with eternal truths)
4. We also use it in hypothetical conditions. T
5. Al verb tenses have corresponding back-shifted forms. T
(past perfect doesn't, wishes + conditions…)
6. We use back-shift after verbs of wishing. T