syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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mainly spoken language -> we use AND but we mean a different kind of semantic
relationship
25
Relative clauses
they function as "adjectives"
postmodification of NP (it can be a S, O, C… whatever)
We either need that RC to be able to identify the NP or not.
Defining – Restrictive
THAT used for persons and things only in defining relative clauses
The RP may be omitted ONLY in defining clauses (in some cases)
we need the RC to specify the NP (typically specifying common nouns)
A philatelist is a person who col ects stamps.
Relative pronoun (RP) as the S of a relative clause
we use WHO/THAT for people and WHICH/THAT for things when the RP functions as S
He paid the man WHO/THAT had done the work.
This is the photo WHICH/THAT shows my house.
RP as an O of a relative clause
we use WHO/WHOM/THAT
o but it can be left out in defining relative clause
The doctor (WHO/WHOM/THAT/X) they had cal ed was delayed because of a traffic accident.
This is the photo (WHICH/THAT/X) she showed us yesterday.
WHO in the 1st case, otherwise we use WHOM
RP as an object of a preposition
RP can be left out when O of a preposition
The doctor TO WHOM she sent him is a specialist.
WHO
TO
WHOM
TO
-
TO
THAT
TO
Non-defining, Non-restrictive
we can't leave out RP
we don't use THAT
we don't need to specify the NP (typical for proper N) → we use commas
o we actual y don't need these phrases themselves
I had a very interesting meeting with Dr. Novák, who col ects stamps in his spare time.
RP as a S of a relative clause