exam-summary-jazyk-i4-anglictina-pro-pravniky
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accessory to a crime = an accomplice
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to be released on parole = to be released before the end of the term in jail
Vocabulary
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assault = napadení / pohrůžka násilím
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manslaughter = ublížení na zdraví s následkem smri / usmrcení z nedbalosi
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summary trial = zkrácené řízení
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miigaing circumstances = polehčující okolnosi
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aggravaing circumstances = přitěžující okolnosi
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VI. Law of Torts
Tort is a conduct that harms other people or their property. It is a private wrong against a
person for which the injured person may recover damages. The conduct deined as a tort
may also be a crime.
Types of torts:
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intenional
the torfeasor acts with the desire to bring about harmful consequences,
which he is substanially certain will ensue
merely reckless behaviour does not qualify as intenional
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negligence
the torfeasor violated the duty that every member of society has to
exercise reasonable care in their acions with others
required elements:
duty of care owed
voluntary act or failure to act (omission)
proximate causaion of harm
damage
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strict (absolute) liability
legal responsibility for damage or injury despite the person not being at fault
or negligent → no need to prove fault
in the USA, neither good faith nor taking all possible precauions are valid
defences (e.g. defecive products)
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vicarious liability
the responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinates (e.g.
employer is held liable for the conduct of his employee within the scope of
his employment)
The diference between a crime and a tort is that a crime is a wrong arising from violaing a
public duty, whereas a tort is a wrong arising from violaing a private duty. Nevertheless,
some conducts can qualify as both a tort and a crime and charges can be brought against the
perpetrator for both.