teaching grammar - přednáška
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Examples of inductive learning
Thornbury, 2012:53
Texts and contexts
Layers of context Co-text
Context of situation
Context of culture
Grammar is best taught and practised in context
Use whole texts as contexts for grammar
teaching
Texts and contexts
Advantages: Provide co-textual information, allowing learners to
deduce the meaning.
If texts authentic they offer examples of real
communication.
If students bring their texts, they will be more
motivated.
Disadvantages: Simplified texts may give misleading
information.
Not all texts will be of equal interest to students.
Ss want quick answer to simple questions, using
text may seem too complicated.
Examples of teaching grammar
through text
Learners start using a new grammar
pattern after:
exposure to the language;
noticing and understanding the items being
used;
trying to use the language items themselves in
´safe´ practice ways and in more demanding
contexts;
remembering the things they have learnt;
Present - practise
Scrivener,
Structure of present-practice-produce
Clarification
Restricted
output
Restricted
output
Authentic
output
Restricted
exposure
Clarification
guided
discovery
Restricted
output
Restricted
output
Authentic
output
Clarification
refers to the point in your lesson where you want
the learners really to focus on a piece of grammar,
i.e. to see it, think about it and understand it, to
become much clearer on its form, meaning and
use. (Scrivener , 2011)
Explanation
Teacher tells the
learner
Guided discovery
Teacher helps the
learner to tell himself
Self directed
discovery
Learner tells himself
Advice:
The best way to avoid over-long, unhelpful
explanations – prepare them carefully when
lesson planning:
information to be stated explicitly (wording of
the instructions);
timelines (časové osy);
substitution tables;
clear examples and diagrams - to be well-
prepared in advance;
Prepare the instructions carefully – graded and
arranged, thinking of possible pitfalls.