Syntax - přednášky

Although during the past 200 years many people in Britain, Europe and America have felt better for consulting a homeopath, orthodox doctors are scornful.

→ Although…homeopath; -> 1st a subordinate AC of contrast functions as an adverbial

→ orthodox…scornful; -> Main clause

According to them homeopathic remedies only work because the people who take them believe that they will work. → According…work – main clause

→ because…believe - AC of reason as ADV

→ people…them - DRC as PM

→ that…work – nominal that clause as an O

Dr. Samuel Hahnemann (1775 – 1843), father of homeopathy, noticed (that substances which produced the same symptoms as a particular disease could be used [to cure it]). → (infinitive of purpose).

→ Dr…noticed – main clause

→ that…it - nominal that clause – that functions as an object → napíšeme nad tu větu Nominal “that” clause/O (=object)

→ which…disease - defining relative clause/functions as a post-modification

→ to cure it – it is non-finite clause – we should know how to convert it in finite clause (in adverbial clause) → …could be used SO THAT (or IN ORDER THAT) THEY COULD CURE IT. (there is “they” because it refers to subject “substances”)

(Since the substances were often toxic), Hahnemann began to experiment with methods of diluting them (to find the smallest possible dose).

→ Since…toxic – an adverbial clause of reason functioning as an adverbial

→ Hahnemann…them – main clause

→ to…dose – infinitive of purpose (this is non-finite clause) → we can convert it in finite clause – (the subject is “Hahnemann”) …DILUTING THEM SO THAT (or IN ORDER THAT) HE COULD FIND THE SMALLEST POSSIBLE DOSE. (there must be modal verb – could, might, must…)

THAT clauses

• Nominal THAT clause – I believe THAT it is…

• Relative clause – I took things THAT belong to me.

• Appositive clause (used after abstract nouns) – “že” – The belief THAT it is right or wrong …

• Adverbial clause of result – They are so boring THAT we won’t invite them.

SINCE clauses

• Adverbial clause of reason – SINCE you can’t do it, I won’t ask you.

• Adverbial clause of time – SINCE I met him, I’ve been a different person.

WHILE clauses

• Adverbial clause of contrast – I like it blue WHILE you like it red.

• Adverbial clause of time – He was phoning WHILE he was driving.

WHEN clauses

• Nominal relative clause – Five in the afternoon is WHEN we are always tired.

• Zero conditional clause – WHEN you boil water, it turns into steam.

• Adverbial clause of time – WHEN I grow up, I want to be a singer.

• Nominal WH- clause – I don’t know WHEN he will get the money.

• Defining relative clause – I don’t know the time WHEN he will get the money.

AS clauses

• Adverbial clause of time – As he came, he was very unpleasant.

• Adverbial clause of manner – Do it as I showed you.

• Adverbial clause of reason – As you can’t do it yourself, you have to ask us.

• Adverbial clause of comparison – She is as tall as I am.