Syntax - přednášky

So + adverb + THAT

Such (a) + noun

• Subordinate clause starts with “that” – it must be in the second place

• He is such a good sportsman that he will win.

• They are such good sportsmen that they will win. – there is no article “a” because it is in plural

We arrived so early that we got good tickets.

CONCESSION/CONTRAST (věta příslovečná přípustková)
Although, though, even though, even if, while (while is usually used in adverbial clause of time)

Although I felt sorry for him, he deserved it.→ comma is here because the subordinate clause comes first

…WH-…ever

No matter ....WH- ....

However expensive it may be, I intend to buy it.

No matter how expensive it may be, I intend to buy it.

Unlikely as it sounds, it is true. → Although it can sound unlikely, it is true. - we can change this

COMPARISON

As + adjective + as

As + adverb + as

Not so/as + as

- er + than

more + than

less + than

the + the – čím - tím

He likes his dog more than his sister.

• Unclear meaning – Má psa radši než svou sestru./Má psa radši, než má psa ráda jeho sestra.

The more you have, the more you want. → čím – tím

The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.

The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

Exercises – adverbial clause - Combine the following sets of sentences so that the italicized sentence becomes an adverbial clause. (Some words may need to be omitted or changed.)

1 He had always preferred blondes. He married a brunette.

→ Although he had always preferred blondes, he married a brunette. (AC, concession) (Eventhough…) (we use a comma -> subordinate then main clause )

2 Edison invented a lamp which conducted electricity. Up to this time, gas had been the chief means of lighting homes and streets.

→ Before Edison invented a lamp which conducted electricity, gas had been the chief means of lighting homes and streets. (AC, time) (or unless) → we made a complex sentence with adverbial clause of time

3 You ate too much. Otherwise you wouldn´t be so sleepy now.

→ If you hadn't eaten too much, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. (AC, condition -> tenses are backshifted; reality refers to the past – we use past perfect ) <- actually a mixed conditional → You are so sleepy because you ate too much. ??? (AC, reason ???)

4 This is an ugly chair. I’m going to give it away.

→ This is such an ugly chair that I´m going to give it away. (AC, result) (with therefore it would not be an AC -> it's an adverbial conjunction) (because is AC of reason); (we can use so in the main clause; so can be used only before ADJ, but there is a noun 'ugly chair' -> we use such instead of so…); So can also be used in AC of purpose…

5 I bought a new car. My wife wanted to learn to drive.

→ I bought a new car so that my wife could learn to drive. (AC, purpose) (could <- depends on the tens in main clause…) I bought a new car for my wife to learn to drive. (it's not a finite clause/AC clause… AC are always finite) we can use in order that (not in order TO) because my wife wanted to learn to drive – would not be AC of purpose -> it would be AC of reason