Syntax - přednášky
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refers to the present → we use past tense
refers to the past → we use past perfect
refers to the future → we use WOULD (with I, we → use COULD) I wish I COULD stop smoking.
I have black hair.
→ I wish I had red hair.
Our apartment is very noisy.
→We wish we could move away from here.
They live in a tropical climate now.
→They wish they lived in a more moderate climate.
We have to work on our income taxes tonight.
→Don’t you wish we were able to go to a movie instead?
It’s very cold outside.
→ I wish it was/were warmer.
She lives in the eastern part of the country.
→She wishes she lived in the West.
It’s hard for me to express myself in English.
→ I wish I spoke English well.
She lives in the city now.
→She wishes she had never left the country. (The reality refers to the past)
This house is too small.
→ I wish I had not bought it.
We miss our old car.
→ I wish we had not been in such a hurry to sell it.
Combine the following groups of sentences so that the second sentence becomes a THAT clause after Introductory IT.
This is necessary. You must bring a notebook to class with you every day.
→ It is necessary that you bring a notebook to class with you every day.
This is urgent. The police must be notified about those strange phone calls.
→ It is urgent that the police be nofied about those strange phone calls.
This is best. Cancel your trip at once.
→ It is best that you cancel your trip at once.
This is essential. Do not write checks for more money than you have in your account.
→ It is essential that you not write checks for more money than you have in your account.
This is important. No one should say anything to him.
→ It is important that no one say anything to him.
This is advisable. Don not eat any citrus foods because you are allergic to them.
→ It is advisable that you not eat any citrus foods because you are allergic to them.
THAT CLAUSES AFTER VERBS/ADJECTIVES OF URGENCY
Verbs: advise, ask beg, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, reguest, require, suggest, urge …
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
The committee suggests / suggested / has suggested / had suggested / will suggest
(that)
he hold more meetings.
everything be prepared.
he not give the report.
THAT may be omitted in clauses with pronoun subjects.
SHOULD
................. he should hold more meetings.
................. everything should be prepared.
................. he should not give the report.
Adjectives: advisable, desirable, essential, good, better, best, imperative, important, mandatory, necessary,requisite, urgent, vital …..
It is important that each student fill out / should fill out a registration form.
I suggest (that) he should apply / apply / applies for the job.
Exercises – present subjunctive
Replace the word THIS by a THAT clause made from the second sentence in each group. Use the Present subjunctive.
The stockbroker has recommended this. They should not buy that particular stock now.
→The stockbroker has recommended that they not buy it. (That can be left out)