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Syntax - přednášky

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refers to the present → we use past tense

refers to the past → we use past perfect

refers to the future → we use WOULD (with I, we → use COULD) I wish I COULD stop smoking.

I have black hair.

→ I wish I had red hair.

Our apartment is very noisy.

→We wish we could move away from here.

They live in a tropical climate now.

→They wish they lived in a more moderate climate.

We have to work on our income taxes tonight.

→Don’t you wish we were able to go to a movie instead?

It’s very cold outside.

→ I wish it was/were warmer.

She lives in the eastern part of the country.

→She wishes she lived in the West.

It’s hard for me to express myself in English.

→ I wish I spoke English well.

She lives in the city now.

→She wishes she had never left the country. (The reality refers to the past)

This house is too small.

→ I wish I had not bought it.

We miss our old car.

→ I wish we had not been in such a hurry to sell it.

Combine the following groups of sentences so that the second sentence becomes a THAT clause after Introductory IT.

This is necessary. You must bring a notebook to class with you every day.

→ It is necessary that you bring a notebook to class with you every day.

This is urgent. The police must be notified about those strange phone calls.

→ It is urgent that the police be nofied about those strange phone calls.

This is best. Cancel your trip at once.

→ It is best that you cancel your trip at once.

This is essential. Do not write checks for more money than you have in your account.

→ It is essential that you not write checks for more money than you have in your account.

This is important. No one should say anything to him.

→ It is important that no one say anything to him.

This is advisable. Don not eat any citrus foods because you are allergic to them.

→ It is advisable that you not eat any citrus foods because you are allergic to them.

THAT CLAUSES AFTER VERBS/ADJECTIVES OF URGENCY

Verbs: advise, ask beg, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, reguest, require, suggest, urge …

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

  • The committee suggests / suggested / has suggested / had suggested / will suggest

(that)

he hold more meetings.

everything be prepared.

he not give the report.

  • THAT may be omitted in clauses with pronoun subjects.

  • SHOULD

................. he should hold more meetings.

................. everything should be prepared.

................. he should not give the report.

Adjectives: advisable, desirable, essential, good, better, best, imperative, important, mandatory, necessary,requisite, urgent, vital …..

  • It is important that each student fill out / should fill out a registration form.

  • I suggest (that) he should apply / apply / applies for the job.

Exercises – present subjunctive

Replace the word THIS by a THAT clause made from the second sentence in each group. Use the Present subjunctive.

The stockbroker has recommended this. They should not buy that particular stock now.

→The stockbroker has recommended that they not buy it. (That can be left out)

Témata, do kterých materiál patří