Syntax - přednášky

Exercises – conditionals (ADV clause of condition) Mixed conditionals Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Most of the following sentences need different combinations of tenses than are normally used in conditional sentences. Some verbs need to be negative.

1 He …………. (study) at university now if his father ………………(lose) all his money.

→ He would study (be studying) at university now if his father had not lost all his money. (type 2 & 3)

2 It is obvious that you don´t know me well. If you ………. (know) me better, you ……………………(say) that at the party last night.

→ It is obvious that you don´t know me well. If you knew me better, you wouldn't have said that at the party last night. (type 2 & 3)

3 Be glad you had such a strict maths teacher. If you ………………...(do) so much maths at school, you ………………………. (find) economics difficult when you enter university.

→ Be glad you had such a strict maths teacher. If you hadn't done so much maths at school, you would/will find economics difficult when you enter university. (type 3 & 2); it could refer to the future (would -> tentative); or ADV clause of time, we could use will (so type 3 & 1)

4 I ………………...(take) a picture of you now if I ………………… (bring) my camera with me.

→ I would take a picture of you now if I had brought my camera with me. (type 2 & 3) TR refers to the present ?

5 It’s twelve now. The meeting starts at 3 p.m. If she ……………………(miss) the bus at 11 a.m., she …………………(be) here on time.

→ It’s twelve now. The meeng starts at 3 p.m. If she hadn't missed the bus at 11 a.m., she will be here on time. (type 3 & 1); or had and won't

6 I ………………...(take) a picture of you now if I …………………. (have) my camera with me.

→ I would take a picture of you now if I had my camera with me. (type 2)

Make sentences with WHEN and IF and note the difference in meaning.

1. ………………………I become President 2……………………….it gets dark

3………………………...the film finishes 4. ………………………she passes her exam

5. ………………………it doesn´t rain tomorrow 6. ………………………I wake up tomorrow

7. ………………………you change your mind 8. ………………………his parents die

9. ………………………the bus stops

↓↓ ↓↓ We use "WHEN" ('až') when we expect sth to happen. In case of "IF"('jestliže'), we are not so sure about the result.

IF NOT – UNLESS

Unless = if not

1. Interchangeable - actions

Unless you refund my money, I shall take legal action.

- We can invert it into – If you do not refund my money,…

2. Only IF NOT - feelings, states which result from something not happening

Alex will be upset if you don’t come to the party.

I will be surprised if it doesn´t rain.

- when an unreal condition comes first: