VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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alienation
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alien = foreigner, stranger, existence that is not close to us, which is not friendly to us
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the capitalist system puts some barriers between a worker and his activity
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institutions need money for gas, electricity, paying cleaning staff, repairing buildings but there must
be also some profit which is taken by the leaders of the institutions
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the owner of a factory has expenses (he has to buy new leather, invest into better technologies,
pay staff, has to buy new fashion models) but besides the expenses there must be some profit
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conclusion: proletariat is never paid fair, the salary never covers the real value of his work because there will
be always something taken from us so that the capitalists have profit
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that’s why the proletariat cannot ever get rich
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the worker feels like being an alien who is not treated fairly and is cheated on
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the worker can organise revolutions but injustice still remains (he never gets the full value of money)
society is divided into two subsystems:
base and superstructure
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base = the economic system
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superstructure = ideas that circulate in society at that time and are influenced by the base
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the ideas are preserves and transmitted through institutions (school, theatre, museum, church, family)
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superstructure relies on the money of base
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school spreads ideas and also preserves ideas (we have library - books preserve the ideas)
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literature is a part of superstructure
MARXIST THEORIES IN LITERATURE what is the relationship between the characters
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who does the work
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who doesn’t do the work
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how is the character rewarded (fairly x unfairly)
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elements of superstructure
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how the elements of superstructure function