K zápočtu

in the absence of není-li závazného

the binding ratio decidendi rozhodnutí pro následující

podobné případy

industrial tribunals deal pracovní soudy řeší with disputes over contracts spory týkající se smluv judges make impartial decisions sudci rozhodují nestranně jurors can be bribed porotci mohou být podplacení juvenile courts soudy pro mladistvé lawful authority zákonná autorita/moc more serious offences závažnější trestné činy to overturn a decision zrušit rozsudek při odvolaní

?peers appointed for life šlechtici zvolení doživotně

by the government vládou

a person suspected of criminal activities osoba podezřelá z trestné .. činnosti prevention of family violence prevence rodinného násilí to remain in custody zůstat ve vazbě remainder of the judgement zbytek rozsudku to run the risk of being sued for damages podstoupit riziko žalovaní o … náhradu škody to summarize the evidence posoudit důkazy supreme lawmaking body nejvyšší zákonodarný orgán to try a case projednat soudní případ weight given to a case váha přikládaná případu

DEFINITIONS:

Unconditional bail =allowing a person who has been charged to remain free without any other conditions

Conditional bail=allowing person who has been charged to remain free only so long she/he fulfills certain conditions(giving up his passport, guaranteeing a sum of money)

Appeal=a request to a higher court to re-examine and change the judgement of previous hearing

Questions of law/questions of fact

Questions of fact=questions whether the defendant did in fact the crime, they are decided by jurors,

The questions of law= are questions how the trial will be conducted, summarization of evidence and telling the jurors, which factors they should consider, they are answered by the judge.

BROAD QUESTIONS:

What basic pre-conditions must exist for the police to put a person in custody?

They must have enough evidence, the person should be arrested before and the judge must concern it, he may release person on a bail.

Outline the system of English courts.

1st level- magistrates´ court (main business- criminal, matrimonial, licensing cases) – binds no one

2nd level civil law disputes- county court

Mainly criminal law disputes- Crown court

Both bind no one

3rd level high court (different divisions for different cases(both appeals and new cases), binds courts below but not itself

1. family division civil

2. chancery division civil

3. queen’s bench division criminal

4th level court of appeal= civil and criminal division (only appeals) – binds courts below nad normally binds itself

5th level house of lords (only appeals) – binds courts below but not itself

Explain what is the jury service - who can become a juror and what are their duties and responsibilities.

IN England the ordinary members of jury= jurors are members of the public between ages of 18 and 70 who are selected random. They are not paid but they are given expenses while they are given on jury service, usually for two weeks. Service is compulsory, it can be avoided only for a good reason (serious illness)