K zápočtu

legal force právní síla

legal rules právní normy

majority vote většinové hlasování/ počet hlasů

to override a presidential veto přehlasovat prezidentské veto

to pass a constitutional amendment odhlasovat ústavní změnu/novelu

to pass new legislation odhlasovat nové zákony /právní předpisy

to preponderate over something prevažovat nad něčím

Presidential assent prezidentský souhlas

private bill zvláštní zákon týkající se jen určitých institucí /osob

private member’s bill návrh zákona předkládaný jediným poslancem

to reach a decision dosáhnout rozhodnutí

regulations, rules, by-laws vyhlášky, předpisy(obecné)předpisy

/normy, místní vyhlášky a nařízení/ .stanovy

to retain legal principles zachovat právní principy

Royal Assent královský souhlas

secondary (delegated) legislation sekundární(přenesená) tvorba právních předpisů

sections, sub-sections, paragraphs, paragraf, odstavec, písmeno

sub-paragraphs pododstavec

?social upheaval sociální otřes

social values hodnoty společnosti(sociální)

solve disputes řešit spory

specific performance plnení smlouvy

sponsor předkladatel zákona(v parlamentu)

statutory instruments zákonné nástroje

supremacy of the law svrchovanost/nedotknutelnost práva

unforeseen circumstances nepředvídané okolnosti

DEFINITIONS:

Legislation= a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament

legislative veto= clause written into a legislation relating to government agencies, which states that the agency cannot act in a way that parliament(Congress) does not approve

legislator= a member of a group of people who together have the power to make laws

legislature= the group of people in a country or part of a country who have the power to make and change laws

doctrine of precedent = a principle by which judges in common law countriesattempted to apply existing customs and laws to each new case rather than looking to the government to write new laws.

ratio decedendi = a part of reasoning in the judgments which is necessary in order to

determine the law on the issue in the particular case before the judge.

obiter dicta=an incidental and collateral opinion that is uttered by a judge but is not binding

the doctrine of stare decisis= a doctrine or policy of following rules or principles laid down in previous judicial decisions unless they contravene the ordinary principles of justice

BROAD QUESTIONS:

Explain the difference between public and private bills.

Public bills alter the general law or affect the community at large, private on the other hand deal with matters relating to a particular locality or individuals. Public bills are far more numerous than private ones.

Explain the difference between Common law system and Continental law system.

The principle connected with statutory law, which says judex jus inter partes(the judge award law between the parts to a proceeding, i.e. the judicatory is binding only for the parties to a proceeding, in which the decision was issued. It’s only finding the law, not creating it,