K zápočtu

substantive law hmotné právo

to sue for damages žalobou se domáhat odškodného

to suffer harm/injury/wrong utrpět škodu/zranění, poškození/ . … … křivdu/nespravedlnost

to substain an injury nahradit újmu

alleged violation údajný přestupek

convicted perpetrator odsouzený pachatel

the defendant is liable obžalovaný je zodpovědný

the victim is entitled to compensation oběť je oprávněna ke kompenzaci

traffic infringement dopravní přestupek

to transfer property převést majetek/vlastnictví

to weigh evidence zvážit důkazy

DEFINITIONS:

Civil law = the body of law contained in Acts of Parliament/ the area of law in which both parties are usually private citizens or companies.

Public law = an area of law which emphasizes on the relations between the state and the people who compose it.

Contract =an agreement between two or more people which is binding in law.

Tort =a wrongdoing for which a private citizen (or company) is sued by another private citizen.

Trust=arrangements whereby a person administers property for another person’s benefit rather than his own

Probate=arrangements for dealing with property after owner’s death

Crime=wrongs which, even when committed against an individual are considered to harm the well-being of society in general

Constitutional law =the law relating to the legal structure of government in a State

International law =the system of law which regulates relations between States

Prosecutor= a person (usually lawyer) that starts or comes out criminal proceedings in court

Plaintiff= the party that starts or comes out civil proceedings(a private citizen or company)

Defendant =the party that is accused in court of crime or a civil offense.

Substantive law=the part of law which creates defines and regulates rights and duties of parties. (Contract, criminal, tort law)

procedural law =the part of law which describes the method of enforcing rights or obtaining redress for their invasion, machinery for carrying on procedural aspects of civil or criminal action( Rules of civil, law of pleading, law of jurisdiction)

BROAD QUESTIONS:

Explain the difference between substantive and procedural law.

Substantive law fixes duties, establish rights and responsibilities among and for persons, natural or otherwise, while those which merely prescribe the manner in which such rights and responsibilities may be exercised and enforced in a court are procedural laws.

Explain the differences between private/civil and public/criminal law.

In the civil law both parties are usually private persons or companies, public law on the other hand emphasizes on the relations between the state and the people who compose it.

Describe the basics of criminal proceedings.

In criminal proceedings a prosecutor prosecutes a defendant. In England the case is heard in the magistrates´ court or the Crow court, depending on the seriousness of the offence. The prosecutor has to prove beyond all reasonable doubt, that the defender committed the offence. The court will decide whether he is guilty or not. A finding of not guilty will lead to the acquittal, finding of guilty on the other hand lead to conviction and may lead to a sentence of imprisonment or some other punishment such as a fine or probation